Jumat, 18 Oktober 2013

WAHABISM-HEMPHER - A BRITISH SPY-AND THE COLONIALISM...?? >> .... WAHABISM IS ONE OF THE BRITISH COLABOTAROR...AND MAKING THE MOSLEM IN THE MIDDLE EAST IS UNDER CONTROLLED BY THE WEST ??? >>...Hempher intends ultimately to weaken Muslim morals by promoting "alcohol and fornication," but his first step is to promote innovation and disorder in Islam by creating Wahhabism, which is to gain credibility by being on the surface morally strict. For this purpose, he enlists "a gullible, hotheaded young Iraqi in Basra named Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab".[4] Hempher corrupts and flatters Wahhab until the man is willing to found his own sect. In the story, Hempher is one of 5,000 British agents with the assignment of weakening Muslims, which the British government plans to increase to 100,000 by the end of the 18th century. Hempher writes, "when we reach this number we shall have brought all Muslims under our sway" and Islam will be rendered "into a miserable state from which it will never recover again."[3]...>>>



They sent me overseas to kill people for them and told me it was for the good of the Country... The Clintons are bad people and I did bad things for them. I had to live with that all of these years... ~ Larry Nichols

Wahhabi movement

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Salafi Movement
Central figures
Ibn Taymiyyah
Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab

Organizations
Al-Qaeda
Al-Qaeda in Iraq
Jamat ud dawa
Al-Qaeda Organization in the Islamic Maghreb
Authenticity Party
Al-Nour Party
People Party

Trends
Madkhalism·Qutbism
Salafist jihadism
Notable individuals
Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani
Muhammad ibn al Uthaymeen
Muhammad Abduh
Jamal al-Din al-Afghani
Rashid Rida
Abd al-Aziz ibn Abd Allah ibn Baaz

Related Ideologies
Islamic fundamentalism
Takfiri
Wahhabism
Ahle Hadith

Wahhabism (Arabic: وهابية‎, Wahhābiyyah) is an ultra-conservative[1] branch of Sunni Islam,[2][3] (though some people dispute that a Wahhabi is a Sunni).[4] It is a religious movement among fundamentalist Islamic believers, with an aspiration to return to the earliest fundamental Islamic sources of the Quran and Hadith, with inspiration from the teachings of Medieval theologian Ibn Taymiyyah and early jurist Ahmad ibn Hanbal.[5]
Initially, Wahhabism was a popular revivalist movement instigated by an eighteenth century theologian, Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab (1703–1792) from Najd, Saudi Arabia. He began his movement through peaceful discussions with attendees of various shrines[6] and eventually gained popular support by convincing the local Amir, Uthman ibn Mu'ammar, to help him in his struggle.[7] Ibn Abd Al-Wahhab advocated a popular purging of the widespread practices by Muslims being what he considered to be impurities and innovations in Islam.[citation needed]
Mohammed bin Abd Al-Wahhab's teachings have become the dominant form of Islam in Saudi Arabia.[8] The movement claims to adhere to the correct understanding of the general Islamic doctrine of Tawhid, on the "uniqueness" and "unity" of God, shared by the majority of Islamic sects, but with an emphasis on advocating following of the Athari school of thought only.[9] Ibn Abd-al-Wahhab was influenced by the writings of Ibn Taymiyya and questioned the prevalent philosophical interpretations of Islam being the Ash'ari and Maturidi schools, claiming to rely on the Qur'an and the Hadith without speculative philosophy so as to not transgress beyond the limits of the early Muslims known as the Salaf.[9] He attacked a "perceived moral decline and political weakness" in the Arabian Peninsula and condemned what he perceived as idolatry, the popular cult of saints, and shrine and tomb visitation.[9]
The terms Wahhabi and Salafi and ahl al-hadith (people of hadith) are often used interchangeably, but Wahhabism has also been called "a particular orientation within Salafism",[3] considered ultra-conservative and which rejects traditional Islamic legal scholarship as unnecessary innovation.[10][11] Salafism, on the other hand, has been termed as the hybridation between the teachings of Ibn Abdul-Wahhab and others which have taken place since the 1960s.[12]
The movement gained unchallenged precedence in the Arabian peninsula through an alliance between Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab and the House of Muhammad ibn Saud, which provided political and financial power for the religious revival represented by Ibn Abd al-Wahhab. The writer El Khabar Ousbouî suggests the popularity of the Wahhabi movement is in part due to this alliance and the funding of several religious channels.[13]

Etymology

According to Saudi writer Abdul Aziz Qassim, "It was the Ottomans who first labelled Abdul Wahhab's school of Islam in Saudi Arabia as Wahabism". The term was later expanded by the presence of Britain in the Middle East. Nevertheless Qassim says, "We don't like to call it the Wahabi movement but rather the reform or Salafi movement of the Sheikh".[14]

History

Mohammad Hayya Al-Sindhi

Zain Imran's teacher Abdallah ibn Ibrahim ibn Sayf introduced the relatively young man to Mohammad Hayya Al-Sindhi in Medina and recommended him as a student.[citation needed] Mohammad Ibn Abd-al-Wahhab and al-Sindi became very close and Mohammad Ibn Abd-al-Wahhab stayed with him for some time. Scholars have described Muhammad Hayya as having an important influence on Mohammad Ibn Abd-al-Wahhab, encouraging him to denounce rigid imitation of classical commentaries and to utilize informed individual analysis (ijtihad). Muhammad Hayya also taught Mohammad Ibn Abd-al-Wahhab to reject popular religious practices associated with walis and their tombs that resembles later Wahhabi teachings. Muhammad Hayya and his milieu are important for understanding the origins of at least the Wahhabi revivalist impulse.[15][not in citation given]

Muhammad ibn Abd-al-Wahhab

Main article: Muhammad ibn Abd-al-Wahhab
Further information: First Saudi State
Mohammad ibn Abd-al-Wahhab studied in Basra (now in southern Iraq) and is reported to have developed his ideas there.[16][17] He is reported to have studied in Mecca and Medina while there to perform Hajj[18][19] before returning to his home town of 'Uyayna in 1740.
After his return to 'Uyayna, ibn Abd-al-Wahhab began to attract followers, including the ruler of the town, Uthman ibn Mu'ammar. With Ibn Mu'ammar's support, ibn Abd-al-Wahhab began to implement some of his ideas such as leveling the grave of Zayd ibn al-Khattab, one of the Sahaba (companions) of the Muslim Prophet Muhammad, and ordering that an adulteress be stoned to death. These actions were disapproved of by Sulaiman ibn Muhammad ibn Ghurayr of the tribe of Bani Khalid, the chief of Al-Hasa and Qatif, who held substantial influence in Nejd and ibn Abd-al-Wahhab was expelled from 'Uyayna.[20]
Ibn Abd-al-Wahhab was invited to settle in neighboring Diriyah by its ruler Muhammad ibn Saud in 1740 (1157 AH), two of whose brothers had been students of Ibn Abdal-Wahhab. Upon arriving in Diriyya, a pact was made between Ibn Saud and Ibn Abd-al-Wahhab, by which Ibn Saud pledged to implement and enforce Ibn Abd-al-Wahhab's teachings, while Ibn Saud and his family would remain the temporal "leaders" of the movement.

Alliance with the House of Ibn Saud

Beginning in the last years of the 18th century Ibn Saud and his heirs would spend the next 140 years mounting various military campaigns to seize control of Arabia and its outlying regions.[21]
One of their most famous and controversial attacks was on Karbala in 1802 (1217 AH). There, according to a Wahhabi chronicler `Uthman b. `Abdullah b. Bishr:
[Wahhabis] scaled the walls, entered the city ... and killed the majority of its people in the markets and in their homes. [They] destroyed the dome placed over the grave of al-Husayn [and took] whatever they found inside the dome and its surroundings ... the grille surrounding the tomb which was encrusted with emeralds, rubies, and other jewels ... different types of property, weapons, clothing, carpets, gold, silver, precious copies of the Qur'an."[22]
In 1818 they were defeated by Ottoman forces.[21] However they eventually seized control of Hijaz and the Arabian peninsula after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, safeguarding their vision of islam and in the process founding Saudi Arabia as a nation based around the tenets of Islam as preached by Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab.[23]
The Saudi government established the Commission for the Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice, a state religious police unit, to enforce religiously conservative rules of behaviour.[24]

Saudi funding

The Saudis have spent at least $87 billion propagating Wahhabism abroad during the past two decades, and the scale of financing is believed to have increased in the past two years[when?]. The bulk of this funding goes towards the construction and operating expenses of mosques, madrasas, and other religious institutions that preach Wahhabism. It also supports imam training; mass media and publishing outlets; distribution of textbooks and other literature; and endowments to universities (in exchange for influence over the appointment of Islamic scholars). Some of the hundreds of thousands of non-Saudis who live in Saudi Arabia and the Persian Gulf have been influenced by Wahhabism and preach Wahhabism in their home country upon their return. Agencies controlled by the Kingdom's Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Endowments, Da'wah and Guidance are responsible for outreach to non-Muslim residents and are converting hundreds of non-Muslims into Islam every year.[25][26][27][28][29]

Beliefs

The Wahhabi subscribe to the primary doctrine of the uniqueness and unity of God (Tawhid).[9][30] The first aspect being belief in Allah and His Lordship that He alone is the believer's lord or Rabb. The second being that once one affirms the oneness of worship to Allah and Allah alone. The third is belief and affirmation of Allah's Names and Attributes.
Wahhabi theology is very precise in its creed or Aqeedah where the Quran and Hadith are the only fundamental and authoritative texts taken with the understanding of the Salaf. Hadith however in Wahhabi books is not taken from the Prophet but from his companions who came to existence years after him. Commentaries and "the examples of the early Muslim community (Ummah) and the four Rightly Guided Caliphs (AD 632–661)" known as Athar narrations are used to support these texts, hence the name of the school of theology given as Athari, but are not considered independently authoritative.[31]
Ibn Abd al-Wahhab further explains in his book Kitab al-Tawhid, which draws directly on material from the Quran and the narrations of the Prophet, that worship in Islam includes conventional acts of worship such as the five daily prayers; fasting; Dua (supplication); Istia'dha (seeking protection or refuge); Ist'ana (seeking help), and Istigatha to Allah (seeking benefits and calling upon Allah alone). Therefore, making du'a or calling upon anyone or anything other than God, or seeking supernatural help and protection that is only befitting of a divine being from something other than Allah alone are acts of "shirk" and contradict the tenets of Tawhid.[32][page needed] Ibn Abd al-Wahhab further explains that Muhammad during his lifetime tried his utmost to identify and repudiate all actions that violated these principles.[32][page needed]
The most important of these commentaries are those by Ibn Abd al-Wahhab in particular his book Kitab al-Tawhid, and the works of Ibn Taymiyyah.[citation needed] Ibn Abd al-Wahhab was a follower of Ahmad ibn Hanbal's school of fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) like most in Nejd at the time, but "was opposed to any of the schools (Madh'hab) being taken as an absolute and unquestioned authority".[32][page needed]
However Ibn Abd al-Wahhab did not totally condemn taqlid, or blind adherence, only at scholarly level in the face of a clear evidence or proof from a hadeeth or Qur'anic text.[33] Although Wahhabis are associated with the Hanbali school, early disputes did not center on fiqh and the belief that Wahhabism was borne of Hanbali thought has been called a "myth".[34]
Wahhabi beliefs leave no space for tolerance or acceptance of any other religion other than Wahhabism.

Condemnation of "priests" and other religious leaders

Wahhabism denounces the practice of total blind adherence to the interpretations of scholars, at a scholarly level, and of practices passed on within the family or tribe.[citation needed] Ibn Abd al-Wahhab was dedicated to champion these principles and combat what was seen as the stagnation of Islamic scholarship which the majority of Muslims had seemingly fully adhered to without question, through taqlid of the established Ottoman clergy at the time.[citation needed]
His idea was that what he perceived to be blind deference to religious authority obstructs this direct connection with the Qur'an and Sunnah, leading him to deprecate the importance and full authority of leaders at the time, such as the scholars and muftis of the age. When arguing for his positions, Ibn Abd al-Wahhab would use translations and interpretation of the verses (known as ayat in Arabic) of the Qur'an that were contrary to the consensus amongst the scholars of the age, and positions against which there had been consensus for centuries. This methodology was considered extremely controversial at the time, in opposition to established clergy of the era, and was refuted as being erroneous by a number of scholars.[35][36][37] However the Wahhabi movement saw itself as championing the re-opening of ijtihad, being intellectual pursuit of scholarly work clarifying opinions in the face of new evidence being a newly proven sound or sahih hadeeth, a discovered historical early ijma (scholarly consensus from the early Muslims) or a suitable analogy, qiyas, based on historical records; in contrast to the witnessed saturation of Islamic jurisprudence that no longer considered ijtihad to be a viable alternative to total scholarly taqlid, being total submission to previous scholarly opinion regardless of unquestionable proof that contradicts this.[38]

Fiqh

A popular misconception associated with the movement of Ibn Abd al-Wahhab is the condemnation of the legal schools of jurisprudence, however documentation of a letter correspondence by Ibn Abd al-Wahhab recorded by his son Abdallah refutes this accusation.[39]
And also we are upon the madhhab of Imaam Ahmad bin Hanbal in the matters of jurisprudence, and we do not show rejection to the one who made taqleed of one of the four Imaams as opposed to those besides them... And we do not deserve the status of absolute ijtihaad and there is none amongst us who lays claim to it, except that in some of the issues (of jurisprudence), when a plain, clear text from the Book, or a Sunnah unabrogated, unspecified and uncontradicted by what is stronger than it, and by which one of the four Imaams have spoken, we take it and we leave our madhhab ... And we do not investigate (scrutinize) anyone in his madhhab, nor do we find fault with him except when we come across a plain, clear text which opposes the madhhab of one of the four Imaams and it is a matter through which an open and apparent symbol
... Thus, there is no contradiction between (this and) not making the claim of independent ijtihaad, because a group from the scholars from the four madhhabs are preceded choosing certain preferred opinions in certain matters, who, whilst making taqleed of the founders of the madhhab (in general), opposed the madhhab (in those matters).
This was seen as a revival of the tradition recorded whereby the early students of the scholars of the Madh'habs would leave their teacher's position in light of a newly found evidence once the hadeeth had been collected.[40]
"... and this is not contradictory to the lack of the claim to ijtihaad. For it has been that a group of the imaams of the four madhaahib had their own particular views regarding certain matters that were in opposition to their madhhab, whose founder they followed." [41]
However some modern day adherents to wahhabism consider themselves to be 'non-imitators' or 'not attached to tradition', and therefore answerable to no school of law at all, observing instead what they would call the practice of early Islam. However, to do so does correspond to the ideal aimed at by Ibn Hanbal, and thus they can be said to be of his 'school' however only a scholar would be capable of this level of ijtihad and most Salafi scholars warn against this for the uneducated laymen.[42]

Theology

Adherents to the Wahhabi movement take their theological viewpoint with an aspiration to assimilate with the beliefs of the early Muslims, being the first three generations otherwise known as the Salaf. This theology was taken from exegesis of the Quran and statements of the early Muslims and later codified by a number of scholars, the most well known being the 13th century Syrian scholar Ibn Taymiyyah, into what is now known as the Athari theological creed. This was upheld by Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab in his various works on theology.[43]
And it is that we accept the aayaat and ahaadeeth of the Attributes upon their apparent meanings, and we leave their true meanings, while believing in their realities, to Allaah ta'aalaa. For Maalik, one of the greatest of the 'ulamaa' of the Salaf, when asked about al-istiwaa' in His Saying (ta'aalaa): "Ar-Rahmaan rose over the Throne." [Taa-Haa: 5] said: "Al-istiwaa' is known, the "how" of it is unknown, believing in it is waajib, and asking about it is bid'ah." [41]
Some criticism accuses this school as being anthropomorphic however Ibn Taymiyyah in his work Al-Aqidah Al-Waasitiyyah refutes the stance of the Mushabbihah (those who liken the creation with God: anthropomorphism) and those who deny, negate, and resort to allegorical/metaphorical interpretations of the Divine Names and Attributes. He contends that the methodology of the Salaf is to take the middle path between the extremes of anthropomorphism and negation/distortion. He further states that salaf affirmed all the Names and Attributes of God without tashbih (establishing likeness), takyeef (speculating as to "how" they are manifested in the divine), ta'teel (negating/denying their apparent meaning) and without ta'weel (giving it secondary/symbolic meaning which is different from the apparent meaning).[44][45]

Criticism and controversy

Naming controversy: Wahhabism and Salafism

Ibn Abd-Al-Wahab's aversion to the elevation of scholars and other individuals helps explain the preference of so-called "Wahhabis" for the term "Salafi". Among those who criticize the use of the term "Wahhabi" is social scientist Quintan Wiktorowicz. In a footnote of his report, Anatomy of the Salafi Movement,[46] he wrote:
Opponents of Salafism frequently affix the "Wahhabi" designator to denote foreign influence. It is intended to signify followers of Ibn Abd-al-Wahhab and is most frequently used in countries where Salafis are a small minority of the Muslim community, but have made recent inroads in "converting" the local population to the movement ideology. … The Salafi movement itself, however, never uses this term. In fact, one would be hard pressed to find individuals who refer to themselves as Wahhabis or organizations that use "Wahhabi" in their title or refer to their ideology in this manner (unless they are speaking to a Western audience that is unfamiliar with Islamic terminology, and even then usage is limited and often appears as "Salafi/Wahhabi").
In the 1950s, the term "Wahhabi" was used to refer to "puritan Muslims" in the US.[47] According to Riadh Sidaoui, habitual use of the term Wahhabism is wrong, and the concept of Saudi Wahhabism should be substituted[clarification needed][citation needed]
Other observers describe the term as "originally used derogatorily by opponents", but now commonplace and used even "by some Najdi scholars of the movement".[3]

Criticism by other Muslims

Initial opposition

Allegedly the first people to oppose Muhammad Ibn Abd al-Wahhab were his father Abd al-Wahhab and his brother Salman Ibn Abd al-Wahhab who was an Islamic scholar and qadi. Ibn Abd al-Wahhab's brother wrote a book in refutation of his brothers' new teachings, called: "The Final Word from the Qur'an, the Hadith, and the Sayings of the Scholars Concerning the School of Ibn `Abd al-Wahhab"), also known as: "Al-Sawa`iq al-Ilahiyya fi Madhhab al-Wahhabiyya" ("The Divine Thunderbolts Concerning the Wahhabi School").[48]
In "The Refutation of Wahhabism in Arabic Sources, 1745–1932",[49] Hamadi Redissi provides original references to the description of Wahhabis as a divisive sect (firqa) and outliers (Kharijites) in communications between Ottomans and Egyptian Khedive Muhammad Ali. Redissi details refutations of Wahhabis by scholars (muftis); among them Ahmed Barakat Tandatawin, who in 1743 describes Wahhabism as ignorance (Jahala).

Shi'a criticism

In 1801 and 1802, the Saudi Wahhabis under Abdul Aziz ibn Muhammad ibn Saud attacked and captured the holy Shia cities of Karbala and Najaf in Iraq and destroyed the tombs of Husayn ibn Ali who is the grandson of Muhammad, and son of Ali (Ali bin Abu Talib), the son-in-law of Muhammad (see: Saudi sponsorship mentioned previously). In 1803 and 1804 the Saudis captured Mecca and Madinah and demolished various venerated shrines, monuments and removed a number of what was seen as sources or possible gateways to polytheism or shirk - such as the shrine built over the tomb of Fatimah, the daughter of Muhammad. In 1998 the Saudis bulldozed and allegedly poured gasoline over the grave of Aminah bint Wahb, the mother of Muhammad, causing resentment throughout the Muslim World.[50][51][52] Shi'a and other minorities in Islam insist that Wahhabis are behind targeted killings in many countries such as Iraq, Pakistan and Bahrain.

Sufi criticism

The Syrian professor and scholar Dr. Muhammad Sa'id Ramadan al-Buti [53] criticises the Salafi movement in a few of his works.
The sufi Islamic Supreme Council of America founded by the Naqshbandi sufi Shaykh Hisham Kabbani classify Wahhabbism as being extremist and heretical based on Wahhabbism's rejection of sufism and what they believe to be traditional sufi scholars.[54][55][56] Kabbani allegedly thanked UK Foreign Secretary Jack Straw in 2005 for the role the UK played in the Middle East, saying: “We are glad to see changes taking place in the political mechanisms in the Middle East. We hope to see an end to tyranny and we are happy to observe a strong upsurge in freedom of speech, freedom of belief and political openness in the region.” [57]
Wahabbism is intensely opposed by some Hui Muslims in China, primarily by the Sufi Khafiya, some Hanafi Sunni Gedimu and a number of Jahriyya. The Yihewani (Ikhwan) Chinese sect founded by Ma Wanfu in China was originally inspired by the Wahhabi movement however the group reacted with hostility to Ma Debao and Ma Zhengqing, who attempted to introduce Wahhabism as the Orthodox main form of Islam. They were branded as traitors of foreign influence, alien to the native popular cultural practices of Islam in China, and Wahhabi teachings were deemed as heresy by the Yihewani leaders. Ma Debao established a Salafi / Wahhabi order, called the Sailaifengye menhuan in Lanzhou and Linxia, separate from other Muslim sects in China.[58] Salafis have a reputation for radicalism among the Hanafi Sunni Gedimu and Yihewani. Sunni Muslim Hui avoid Salafis, including family members.[59] The number of Salafis in China is so insignificant that they are not included in classifications of Muslim sects in China.[60]
The Kuomintang Sufi Muslim general Ma Bufang, who backed the Yihewani (Ikhwan) Muslims, persecuted the Salafi / Wahhabi Muslims. The Yihewani forced the Salafis into hiding. They were not allowed to move or worship openly. The Yihewani had become secular and a Chinese nationalist organisation, and they considered the Salafis to be "Heterodox" (xie jiao), and "people who followed foreigner's teachings" (wai dao). After the Communist revolution the Salafis were allowed to worship openly until a 1958 crackdown on all religious practices.[61]
The Deobandi Alim Abd al-Hafiz al-Makki has argued that Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab viewed authentic sufism in a positive light comparing it to the sciences of tafseer, hadith, and fiqh.[62]
As proof, the Shaykh also cites a letter in which Abd-al-Wahhab writes;
We do not negate the way of the Sufis and the purification of the inner self from the vices of those sins connected to the heart and the limbs as long as the individual firmly adheres to the rules of Shari‘ah and the correct and observed way. However, we will not take it on ourselves to allegorically interpret (ta’wil) his speech and his actions. We only place our reliance on, seek help from, beseech aid from and place our confidence in all our dealings in Allah Most High. He is enough for us, the best trustee, the best mawla and the best helper. May Allah send peace on our master Muhammad, his family and companions.

Wahhabism in the United States

A study conducted by the NGO Freedom House found Wahhabi publications in mosques in the United States. These publications included statements that Muslims should not only "always oppose" infidels "in every way", but "hate them for their religion … for Allah's sake", that democracy "is responsible for all the horrible wars of the 20th century", and that Shia and certain Sunni Muslims were infidels.[63][64]
The Saudi government issued a response to this report, stating: "[It has] worked diligently during the last five years to overhaul its education system [but] [o]verhauling an educational system is a massive undertaking".
A review of the study by Institute for Social Policy and Understanding (ISPU) complained the study cited documents from only a few mosques, arguing most mosques in the U.S. are not under Wahhabi influence.[65] ISPU comments on the study were not entirely negative however, and concluded:
American-Muslim leaders must thoroughly scrutinize this study. Despite its limitations, the study highlights an ugly undercurrent in modern Islamic discourse that American-Muslims must openly confront. However, in the vigor to expose strains of extremism, we must not forget that open discussion is the best tool to debunk the extremist literature rather than a suppression of First Amendment rights guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution.[65]

Militant and political Islam

What connection, if any, there is between Wahhabism and Jihadi Salafis is disputed. Natana De Long-Bas, senior research assistant at the Prince Alwaleed Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding at Georgetown University, argues:
The militant Islam of Osama bin Laden did not have its origins in the teachings of Ibn Abd-al-Wahhab and was not representative of Wahhabi Islam as it is practiced in contemporary Saudi Arabia, yet for the media it came to define Wahhabi Islam during the later years of bin Laden's lifetime. However "unrepresentative" bin Laden's global jihad was of Islam in general and Wahhabi Islam in particular, its prominence in headline news took Wahhabi Islam across the spectrum from revival and reform to global jihad.[66]
Noah Feldman distinguishes between what he calls the "deeply conservative" Wahhabis and what he calls the "followers of political Islam in the 1980s and 1990s," such as Egyptian Islamic Jihad and later Al-Qaeda leader Ayman al-Zawahiri. While Saudi Wahhabis were "the largest funders of local Muslim Brotherhood chapters and other hard-line Islamists" during this time, they opposed jihadi resistance to Muslim governments and assassination of Muslim leaders because of their belief that "the decision to wage jihad lay with the ruler, not the individual believer".[67]
Karen Armstrong states that Osama bin Laden, like most extremists, followed the ideology of Sayyid Qutb, not "Wahhabism".[68]

Destruction of Islam's early historical sites

Main article: Destruction of early Islamic heritage sites
The Wahhabi teachings disapprove of veneration of the historical sites associated with early Islam, on the grounds that only God should be worshipped and that veneration of sites associated with mortals leads to idolatry.[69] Many buildings associated with early Islam, including mazaar, mausoleums and other artifacts have been destroyed in Saudi Arabia by Wahhabis from early 19th century through the present day.[70][71] This practice has proved controversial and has received considerable criticism from Sunni and Shia Muslims and in the non-Muslim World.

International influence and propagation

According to observers such as Gilles Kepel, Wahhabism gained considerable influence in the Islamic World following a tripling in the price of oil in the mid-1970s and the progressive takeover of Saudi Aramco in the 1974–1980 period. The Saudi government began to spend tens of billions of dollars throughout the Islamic World to promote Wahhabism, which was sometimes referred to as "petro-Islam".[72] Estimates of Saudi spending on religious causes abroad include "upward of $100 billion",[73] between $2 and 3 billion per year since 1975." (compared to the annual Soviet propaganda budget of $1 billion/year),[74] and "at least $87 billion" from 1987-2007[75]
Its largesse funded an estimated "90% of the expenses of the entire faith", throughout the Muslim World, according to journalist Dawood al-Shirian.[76] It extended to young and old, from children's madrasas to high-level scholarship.[77] "Books, scholarships, fellowships, mosques" (for example, "more than 1,500 mosques were built from Saudi public funds over the last 50 years") were paid for.[78] It rewarded journalists and academics, who followed it and built satellite campuses around Egypt for Al Azhar, the oldest and most influential Islamic university.[79] Yahya Birt counts spending on "1,500 mosques, 210 Islamic centres and dozens of Muslim academies and schools".[74]
This financial power has done much to overwhelm less strict local interpretations of Islam, according to observers like Dawood al-Shirian and Lee Kuan Yew,[76] and has caused the Saudi interpretation to be perceived as the correct interpretation in many Muslims' minds.[29][80]

Explanation for influence

Khaled Abou El Fadl attributed the appeal of Wahhabism to some Muslims as stemming from
  • Arab nationalism, which followed the Wahhabi attack on the Ottoman Empire;
  • Reformism, which followed a return to Salaf (as-Salaf aṣ-Ṣāliḥ;)
  • Destruction of the Hejaaz Khilafa in 1925;
  • Control of Mecca and Medina, which gave Wahhabis great influence on Muslim culture and thinking;
  • Oil, which after 1975 allowed Wahhabis to promote their interpretations of Islam using billions from oil export revenue.[81]

See also

References

  1. Jump up ^ Our good name: a company's fight to defend its honor J. Phillip London, C.A.C.I., Inc – 2008, "wahhabism is considered in particular an ultra-conservative orientation".
  2. Jump up ^ Sunni Islam
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  4. Jump up ^ http://www.sunnah.org, Wahhabism: Understanding the Roots and Role Models of Islamic Extremism, by Zubair Qamar, condensed and edited by ASFA staff
  5. Jump up ^ "Wahhābī". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 2010-12-12.
  6. Jump up ^ "History of Islam – Sheikh Ibn Abdul Wahab of Najd – by Prof. Dr. Nazeer Ahmed, PhD". historyofislam.com.
  7. Jump up ^ M Zarabozo, Jamaal al Din (2003). The Life, Teachings and Influence of Muhammad ibn Abdul-Wahhaab. Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Endowments, Daw`ah and Guidance. p. pages 26 and 27.
  8. Jump up ^ PBS Frontline. "Analyses – Wahhabism". Retrieved 27 January 2012. "For more than two centuries, Wahhabism has been Saudi Arabia's dominant faith."
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Esposito 2003, p. 333
  10. Jump up ^ Washington Post, For Conservative Muslims, Goal of Isolation a Challenge
  11. Jump up ^ John L. Esposito, What Everyone Needs to Know About Islam, p.50
  12. Jump up ^ Stephane Lacroix, Al-Albani's Revolutionary Approach to Hadith. Leiden University's ISIM Review, Spring 2008, #21.
  13. Jump up ^ « Saudi Wahhabism is the most dangerous religious currents », El Khabar Ousbouî, 30 août 2010
  14. Jump up ^ [1]
  15. Jump up ^ BOOK REVIEWS – Robinson 3 (1): 116 – Journal of Islamic Studies
  16. Jump up ^ Tarikh Najd by 'Husain ibn Ghannam, Vol. 1, Pg. 76–77
  17. Jump up ^ 'Unwan al-Majd fi Tarikh Najd, by 'Uthman ibn Bishr an-Najdi, Vol. 1, Pg. 7–8
  18. Jump up ^ Shaikh Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab, by Judge Ahmad ibn 'Hajar al-Butami, Pg. 17–19
  19. Jump up ^ Muhammad Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab: His Da'wah and Life Story, by Shaikh ibn Baaz, Pg. 21
  20. Jump up ^ Shaikh Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab, by Judge Ahmad ibn 'Hajar al-Butami, Pg. 28
  21. ^ Jump up to: a b English, Jeanette M. (02 2011) [2011]. "14" (Paper). Infidel behind the paradoxical veil 1 (first ed.). http://books.google.at/: AuthorHouse™. p. 260. ISBN 978-1-4567-2810-6 (sc). LCCN 2011900551. Archived from the original on 2011-02-03. Retrieved 2012-04-11. "In the last years of the 18th century, Ibn Saud attempted to seize control of Arabia and its outer lying regions and his heirs spent the next 150 years in this pursuit. This was done at the expense of the overlords of the Ottoman Empire. Eventually, the house of Al Saud met with defeat at the hands of the Ottoman and Egyptian armies, resulting in the burning of Diriyah."
  22. Jump up ^ Wahhabism - A Critical Essay: Chapter 2
  23. Jump up ^ "Imam Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab, Ibn Saud information resource". "Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab sought the protection of Muhammad bin Saud, in Ad-Dariyah, the home of the House of Saud... ...they had interests in common, pre-eminently a desire to see all the Arabs of the Peninsula brought back to Islam in its simplest and purest form. In 1744, they therefore took an oath that they would work together to achieve this end."
  24. Jump up ^ Glasse, Cyril, The New Encyclopedia of Islam, Rowan & Littlefield, (2001), pp.469–472
  25. Jump up ^ Amb. Curtin Winsor, Ph.D, “Saudi Arabia, Wahhabism and the Spread of Sunni Theofascism,” Global Politician (10/22/2007).
  26. Jump up ^ Paul Vallely, “Wahhabism: A deadly scripture: King Abdullah's Saudi regime spends billions of pounds each year promoting Wahhabism, one of fundamentalist Islam's most extreme movements. Much of it funds children's education in British faith schools and mosques. Should we be worried? Paul Vallely investigates.” The Independent (01 November 2007).
  27. Jump up ^ Saudi Arabia's Export of Radical Islam
  28. Jump up ^ Islam in South and Southeast Asia
  29. ^ Jump up to: a b Radical Islam in Central Asia
  30. Jump up ^ "Allah". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 2008-05-28.
  31. Jump up ^ DeLong-Bas, Natana J. (2004). Wahhabi Islam: From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 42. ISBN 0-19-516991-3. First edition.
  32. ^ Jump up to: a b c Ibn Abd al-Wahhab, Kitab al-Tawhid
  33. Jump up ^ Mortimer, Edward, Faith and Power: The Politics of Islam, Vintage Books, 1982, p.61
  34. Jump up ^ Commins 2006, p. 12 According to Commins, Kitab al-Tawhid "has nothing to say on Islamic law, which guides Muslims’ everyday lives. This is a crucial point. One of the myths about Wahhabism is that its distinctive character stems from its affiliation with the supposedly ‘conservative’ or ‘strict’ Hanbali legal school. If that were the case, how could we explain the fact that the earliest opposition to Ibn Abd al-Wahhab came from other Hanbali scholars? Or that a tradition of anti-Wahhabi Hanbalism persisted into the nineteenth century? As an expert on law in Saudi Arabia notes, Ibn Abd al-Wahhab produced no unprecedented opinions and Saudi authorities today regard him not as a mujtahid in fiqh [independent thinker in jurisprudence], but rather in da’wa or religious reawakening… The Wahhabis’ bitter differences with other Muslims were not over fiqh [jurisprudence] rules at all, but over aqida, or theological positions.’"
  35. Jump up ^ http://mailofislam.webstarts.com/uploads/fitna-tul-wahhabiyyah.pdf
  36. Jump up ^ "Fitanatul Wahhabiya - LET US CORRECT OUR ISLAMIC FAITH". Correctislamicfaith.com. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
  37. Jump up ^ "wahabi, quran reading, sunni islam, wahhabism, wahhabi, become a muslim, islam followers, followers of islam". Yakhwajagaribnawaz.com. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
  38. Jump up ^ "Islam Question and Answer - Shaykh al-Albaani (may Allaah have mercy on him) was a great muhaddith and a mujtahid faqeeh". Islamqa.info. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
  39. Jump up ^ "Shaykh Abd Allaah Bin Muhammad Bin Abd Al-Wahhaab on Fiqh, Ijtihaad, Madhhabs and Taqlid". wahhabis.com.
  40. Jump up ^ "ijtihad (Islamic law) - Britannica Online Encyclopedia". Britannica.com. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
  41. ^ Jump up to: a b "Resource of authenticated documented letters written by Shaykh Muhammad Ibn Abd Al-Wahhab in the original arabic script". saaid.net.
    "Forum which provides an english translation of the original arabic scripted letters". forums.islamicawakening.com.
  42. Jump up ^ Glasse, Cyril, The New Encyclopedia of Islam Altamira, 2001, p.407
  43. Jump up ^ Oleh: Luthfi Assyaukanie. "Muhammad Ibn Abd al-Wahab (1703-1791) - JIL English Edition". Islamlib.com. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
  44. Jump up ^ "Jism, Tajseem, and the Mujassimah (Anthropomorphists) in the Ash'arite Textbooks and in the Works of Shaykh ul-Islaam Ibn Taymiyyah: A Brief Comparison". Asharis.com. 2009-07-27. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
  45. Jump up ^ Ibn Taymiyyah. Sharh-Al-Aqeedat-Il-Wasitiyah. Dar us Salam Publications. "The followers of Ahlus Sunnah wal Jama'ah occupy a moderate position between the Ahlut Ta'teel (Jahmiyyah) and Ahlut Tamtheel (Mushabbiha), and are moderate between the Jabariyah sect and the Qadariyah sect regarding the Acts of Allah, and are moderate about the Promises of Allah between the Murji'ah and the Wa'eediyah sects among Qadariyah and are moderate on matters of the Faith and names of the religion between the Harooriyah and Mu'tazilah, and between the Murji'ah and Jahmiyah and are moderate regarding the Companions of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, between the Raafidah and the Khawarij."
  46. Jump up ^ Wiktorowicz, Quintan. "Anatomy of the Salafi Movement" in Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, Vol. 29 (2006): p. 235.
  47. Jump up ^ "The King of Arabia". Life. 31 May 1943. p. 72. ISSN 00243019. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
  48. Jump up ^ Kingdom without borders: Saudi political, religious and media frontiers. Books.google.com. Retrieved 2012-09-17.
  49. Jump up ^ Kingdom without borders: Saudi political, religious and media frontiers
  50. Jump up ^ The Destruction of Holy Sites in Mecca and Medina By Irfan Ahmed in Islamic Magazine, Issue 1, July 2006
  51. Jump up ^ Nibras Kazimi, A Paladin Gears Up for War, The New York Sun, November 1, 2007
  52. Jump up ^ John R Bradley, Saudi's Shi'ites walk tightrope, Asia Times, March 17, 2005
  53. Jump up ^ Bouti debate with Salafi
  54. Jump up ^ "Radicalism: Its Wahhabi Roots and Current Representation",[dead link] Islamic Supreme Council of America
  55. Jump up ^ The Islamists Have it Wrong By Abdul Hadi Palazzi Middle East Quarterly, Summer 2001
  56. Jump up ^ On Islam and 500 most influential Muslims
  57. Jump up ^ The 'Neoconservative' Sufi Muslim Council : Uncover Traitor who destroy Islam and Umah. May 25, 2008
  58. Jump up ^ Michael Dillon (1999). China's Muslim Hui community: migration, settlement and sects. Richmond: Curzon Press. p. 104. ISBN 0-7007-1026-4, 9780700710263 Check |isbn= value (help). Retrieved 2010-06-28.
  59. Jump up ^ Maris Boyd Gillette (2000). Between Mecca and Beijing: modernization and consumption among urban Chinese Muslims. Stanford University Press. pp. 79, 80. ISBN 0-8047-3694-4. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
  60. Jump up ^ John L. Esposito (1999). The Oxford history of Islam. Oxford University Press US. p. 462. ISBN [[Special:BookSources/00195107993|00195107993[[Category:Articles with invalid ISBNs]]]] Check |isbn= value (help). Retrieved 2010-06-28.
  61. Jump up ^ BARRY RUBIN (2000). Guide to Islamist Movements. M.E. Sharpe. p. 800. ISBN 0-7656-1747-1. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
  62. Jump up ^ al-Makki, Abd al-Hafiz. "Shaykh Muhammad bin ‘Abd al-Wahhab and Sufism". Deoband.org. Retrieved 30 May 2011. "Through the grace of Allah, I studied each volume page by page and never came across any place in which Shaykh Muhammad bin ‘Abd al-Wahhab criticizes, refutes or rejects Tasawwuf or any one of the Sufi shaykhs on account of his Tasawwuf."
  63. Jump up ^ Saudi Publications on Hate Ideology
  64. Jump up ^ quotes from a study "based on a year-long study of over two hundred original documents, all disseminated, published or otherwise generated by the government of Saudi Arabia and collected from more than a dozen mosques in the United States". New Report on Saudi Government Publications at the Internet Archive
  65. ^ Jump up to: a b "Freedom House". International Relations Center. 2007-07-26. Retrieved 2008-05-10.
  66. Jump up ^ Natana J. Delong-Bas, "Wahhabi Islam: From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad", (Oxford University Press: 2004), p. 279
  67. Jump up ^ After Jihad: American and the Struggle for Islamic Democracy by Noah Feldman, New York : Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2003, p.47
  68. Jump up ^ Armstrong, Karen. The label of Catholic terror was never used about the IRA. guardian.co.uk
  69. Jump up ^ Salah Nasrawi, Mecca’s ancient heritage is under attack – Developments for pilgrims and the strict beliefs of Saudi clerics are encroaching on or eliminating Islam’s holy sites in the kingdom, Los Angeles Times, September 16, 2007. Retrieved 21 December 2009.
  70. Jump up ^ Rabasa, Angel; Benard, Cheryl (2004). "The Middle East: Cradle of the Muslim World". The Muslim World After 9/11. Rand Corporation. p. 103, note 60. ISBN 0-8330-3712-9.
  71. Jump up ^ Howden, Daniel (August 6, 2005). "The destruction of Mecca: Saudi hardliners are wiping out their own heritage". The Independent. Retrieved 2009-12-21.
  72. Jump up ^ Kepel 2002, pp. 69–75
  73. Jump up ^ documentary The Qur'an aired in the UK, The Qur'an review in The Independent
  74. ^ Jump up to: a b Yahya Birt, an academic who is director of The City Circle, a networking body of young British Muslim professionals, quoted in Wahhabism: A deadly scripture| Paul Vallely 01 November 2007
  75. Jump up ^ Saudi Arabia, Wahhabism and the Spread of Sunni Theofascism| By Ambassador Curtin Winsor, Ph.D.
  76. ^ Jump up to: a b Dawood al-Shirian, 'What Is Saudi Arabia Going to Do?' Al-Hayat, May 19, 2003
  77. Jump up ^ Abou al Fadl, Khaled, The Great Theft: Wrestling Islam from the Extremists, HarperSanFrancisco, 2005, p.48-64
  78. Jump up ^ Kepel, p. 72
  79. Jump up ^ Murphy, Caryle, Passion for Islam : Shaping the Modern Middle East: the Egyptian Experience, Simon and Schuster, 2002 p. 32
  80. Jump up ^ An interview with Minister Mentor of Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew
  81. Jump up ^ Abou El Fadl, Khaled, The Great Theft: Wrestling Islam from the Extremists, Harper San Francisco, 2005, p.70-72.

Further reading

  • Commins, David Dean (2006). The Wahhabi Mission and Saudi Arabia. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 1-84885-014-X.
  • Esposito, John (2003). The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-512558-4.
  • Kepel, Gilles (2002). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. trans. Anthony F. Roberts (1st English edition ed.). Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-00877-4.
  • Saint-Prot, Charles. Islam. L'avenir de la tradition entre révolution et occidentalisation (Islam. The Future of Tradition between Revolution and Westernization). Paris: Le Rocher, 2008.

External links

Critical


 

Memoirs of Mr. Hempher, The British Spy to the Middle East

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoirs_Of_Mr._Hempher,_The_British_Spy_To_The_Middle_East
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Confessions of a British Spy and British Enmity Against Islam

Author M. Sıddık Gümüş
Language English
Publisher Hakikat Kitabevi
Publication date 2001
Pages 122 pages 
Memoirs of Mr. Hempher, The British Spy to the Middle East or Confessions of a British Spy is a document purporting to be the account by an 18th-century British agent, Hempher, of his instrumental role in founding the conservative Islamic reform movement of Wahhabism.
The book has been denounced by some Muslims and called an "imaginary fictional narrative, coined deliberately to discredit" Muhammad ibn Abd-al-Wahhab "and his followers by the British."[1] In the West it is considered a forgery and has been described as "an Anglophobic variation on `The Protocols of the Elders of Zion`”[2]

Contents

In the book's story, a British spy named Hempher, working in the early 1700s, disguises himself as a Muslim and infiltrates the Ottoman Empire with the goal of weakening it to destroy Islam once and for all. He tells his readers: "when the unity of Muslims is broken and the common sympathy among them is impaired, their forces will be dissolved and thus we shall easily destroy them... We, the English people, have to make mischief and arouse schism in all our colonies in order that we may live in welfare and luxury."[3]

Hempher intends ultimately to weaken Muslim morals by promoting "alcohol and fornication," but his first step is to promote innovation and disorder in Islam by creating Wahhabism, which is to gain credibility by being on the surface morally strict. For this purpose, he enlists "a gullible, hotheaded young Iraqi in Basra named Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab".[4] Hempher corrupts and flatters Wahhab until the man is willing to found his own sect.
In the story, Hempher is one of 5,000 British agents with the assignment of weakening Muslims, which the British government plans to increase to 100,000 by the end of the 18th century. Hempher writes, "when we reach this number we shall have brought all Muslims under our sway" and Islam will be rendered "into a miserable state from which it will never recover again."[3]

Controversy

In the West the "Memoirs" have been described as "probably the labor of a Sunni Muslim author whose intent is to present Muslims as both too holy and too weak to organize anything as destructive as Wahhabism."[2] Bernard Haykel of Harvard's Olin Institute describes the document as an anti-Wahhabi forgery, "probably fabricated by one Ayyub Sabri Pasha",[5] despite which the document has significant currency in the Middle East, according to Haykel.[5] Sabri Pasha was an Ottoman writer who studied a the naval academy, and earned the rank of naval officer, serving for a time in the Hijaz and Yemen. He wrote historical works on the Saudi dynasty[6] and died in 1890.[7] In "The Beginning and Spread of Wahhabism", he recounts the story of Abdul Wahhab's association with Hempher the British Spy, and their plot to create a new religion.[8]
A debunking by a Muslim author (Abul Haarith) points out that no evidence of Hempher can be found in computer database searches of libraries and rare books, and that facts and incidents related in the book do not make sense. The "Memoirs" claim Hempher travelled to Basra in 1712 and there met Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab, a student who spoke Turkish, Persian and Arabic. In fact, ibn Abdul Wahhab would have been 9–10 years old and living in his native region of Najd at that time, since he was born in 1115H (1703/1704CE) and did not leave Najd, except for hajj, to "travel to seek knowledge until 1722".[1] Abul Haarith also notes that the book has Hempher boasting that the British Empire "was so vast it was said that the sun did not set within its boundaries," when in fact this claim was not, and could not, have been made until about a century later.[1]
The actual birth date of Muhammad Ibn Abd-Alwahab is disputed. The famous Islamic Scholar and historian Ahmad Zayni Dahlan Al-Makkiyy claims, in his book Fitnat ul Wahhabiyah, that Ibn Abd-Alwahhab was born in the year 1111H or 1699, making him 14 at the time of his supposed meeting with Hempher, and not 9 years old.[9][10]
Other Wahhabi complaints about the memoir are that it would have been unlikely for the British to have supported and helped bin Abdul Wahhab as "there was no British presence in that region in the mid-18th century", and that there are only two explicit mentions of dates (1710CE and 1730CE) in a work purportedly based on a diary, which generally have dated entries.[7]

See also

References

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c Who is Hampher (hempher)? scroll down to "Humphrey's ‘Memoirs’" by Abul Haarith
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b Caught in the Crossfire by George Packer, 17 May 2004
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b HizmetBooks
  4. Jump up ^ The Saga of "Hempher," Purported British Spy, an extract from The Hidden Hand: Middle East Fears of Conspiracy, pp. 211–12. Daniel Pipes, December 1996
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b » Anti-Wahhabism Wahabism was plotted & based on the early Muslim sect known as Khwarij in 1st Hijri Century now termed as Ahle Hadith: a footnote Middle East Strategy at Harvard
  6. Jump up ^ » Viquipèdia – Ayyub Sabri Pasha
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b Evidence That Hempher's Diaries Are a Forgery Abu.Iyaad | wahhabis.com| 20 August 2011
  8. Jump up ^ » The Beginning and Spread of Wahhabism www.sufi.it
  9. Jump up ^ Fitnat-ul-Wahhabiyah, Ahmad Zayni Dahlan Al-Makkiyy
  10. Jump up ^ http://www.islamicity.com/PrayerTimes/hijriconverter1aPartner.htm

External links

 

Saturday, August 24, 2013

http://normanhooben.blogspot.com/2013/08/common-corethe-ultimate-goal-youre-not.html

Common Core...the ultimate goal (you're not going to believe this) ISLAM indoctrination of YOUR children!

Source: Maggie's Notebook
Common Core – The Qatar Connection: A Wahhabi State Skypes With Your Children – Connect All Schools  ~ by Maggie          

The acronyms for America’s New World Order education are mind-numbing – all the better to keep you from connecting who is connected to who/whom/which. First, I have found one source that connects Common Core Initiative Standards (CCIS) to “Connect All Schools,” and that is on the “Connect All Schools” website page titled One World Education (OWE). Second, our Department of Defense (DOD) has partnered with the Connect All Schools program. Connect All Schools is connected to Vartan Gregorian. Gregorian is connected to Barack Obama in numerous ways, including as a member of the White House Fellowship Commission. Gregorian was born in Tabriz, Iran to Armenian parents. He came to the U.S. in 1956 to study at Stanford. He became a naturalized American citizen in about 1979. He graduated Stanford University, is currently the president of Carnegie Corporation and is a former president of Brown University in Rhode Island. Pertinent to this article is his seat on the board of The Qatar Foundation International (QFI).

Doha, Qatar
Doha, Qatar
About one year ago, Qatar dedicated a new mosque. The event was widely seen as the initial steps to reviving their Wahhabi heritage. You should be concerned about Qatar’s influence in American education. Wahhabi-ists have one goal and that is the spread of Islam worldwide.
The Qatar Foundation International, or QFI, in 2011 partnered with the Department of State and the U.S. Department of Education to facilitate matchmaking between classrooms in the U.S. and international schools through something called the “Connect All Schools” project.
QFI, funded by the Qatari government, explains on its website the initiative was founded in response to Obama’s call in his June 2009 speech to the Arab world in Cairo, Egypt, to “create a new online network, so a young person in Kansas can communicate instantly with a young person in Cairo.”
QFI relates how more than 100 U.S. schools and organizations have already connected on the interactive website.
The stated goal of the initiative is to “connect every school in the U.S. with the world by 2016.”…
WND reported last May the Qatar-based foundation awarded “Curriculum Grants” to seven U.S. schools and language organizations to “develop comprehensive and innovative curricula and teaching materials to be used in any Arabic language classroom.”
QFI, based in Washington, D.C., is the U.S. branch of the Qatar Foundation, founded in 1995 by Qatar’s ruling emir, Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani.
Thani is still the group’s vice-chairman, while one of his three wives, Sheikha Moza bint Nasser, chairs the organization’s board.
Thani also launched Al Jazeera in 1996 and served as the television network’s chairman. Source: Counter-Jihad Report
Qatar is skyping with your children across the U.S.
In January 2012, it [QFI] launched the Research Center for Islamic Legislation and Ethics under the guidance of Tariq Ramadan, who serves as the center’s director.
Ramadan is the grandson of the notorious founder of the Muslim Brotherhood, Hassan al Banna. Ramadan was banned from the U.S. until 2010 when the Obama administration issued him a visa to give a lecture at a New York school.
QFI, meanwhile, named several institutions after Yusuf al-Qaradawi, one of the top leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood. Many regard Qaradawi as the de facto spiritual leader of Egypt’s Muslim Brotherhood.
The foundation instituted the Sheikh Yusuf Al Qaradawi Scholarships and in 2009 established a research center named the Qaradawi Center for Islamic Moderation and Renewal…
The Investigative Project on Terrorism documents Qardawi openly permitted the killing of American troops in Iraq and praised the “heroic deeds” of “Hamas, Jihad, Al-Aqsa Brigades and others.” Source: Counter-Jihad Report (more here on the Gregorian-Ayers-Obama connection)
Vartan Gregorian
Vartan Gregorian
Gregorian also serves on the board of Human Rights Watch which issued the appalling Goldstone Report accusing Israel of war crimes.
Tariq Ramadan, the grandson of the founder of the Muslim Brotherhood is mentioned above and as a reminder is the head of the fairly new QFI Research Center for Islamic Legislation and Ethics (Islamic “legislation” where?) The following is a profile from one of my previous posts (as you’ll see below, Arizona should pay attention):

Tariq Ramadan
Tariq Ramadan
Tariq Ramadan: Bush administration bans him, Obama administration throws down the welcome mat. April 2010 Tariq Ramadan is the son of Said Ramadan (see above) and the grandson of Muslim Brotherhood founder Hassan al-Banna. In 2004, Tariq Ramadan received a tenured position of Henry R. Luce Professor of Religion, Conflict and Peacebuilding at the Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame in Indiana. Two months later the Bush State Department revoked the visa on grounds of terrorist ties under the “ideological exclusion provision” of the Patriot Act. The university attempted to help Ramadan regain his visa with no success. Ramadan resigned the position in December 2004…
In January 2010 Secretary of State Hillary Clinton lifted the ban on Tariq Ramadan’s presence on American soil. By 2010, America was no longer under the threat of “terrorism.” Tariq Ramadan came to the U.S.
Atlas Shrugs provides a transcript of Tariq Ramadan speaking in Dallas at a fundraiser for the Islamic Circle of North America (ICNA), asking young Muslims to “colonize” the U.S.
It should be us, with our understanding of Islam, our principles, colonizing positively the United States of America.
We don’t want the West to be destructed. What we want is the West to be reformed. Source
Arizona receives $465,000 grant from the Qatar Foundation International (QFI)?
According to Tucson News Now, the governing board of the Tucson Unified School District asked the school board to accept a $465,000 curriculum grant from the Qatar Foundation International, a global philanthropic organization with strong ties to the Muslim Brotherhood, the parent organization of the terrorist group Hamas, and behind much of the unrest in the Middle East.
The Muslim Brotherhood has been associated with Islam-biased K-12 textbooks identified by Citizens for National Security(CFNS) and Act for America. The textbooks in the CFNS study contained pro-Islamic misinformation, and material that provided negative misinformation about Israel, Judaism, and Christianity. The Council on American Islamic Relations (CAIR), also connected to Hamas and the Muslim Brotherhood has targeted American schools and other public institutions for indoctrination…
The grant money is intended to implement “innovative curricula and teaching materials to be used in any Arabic language classroom,” reports the Arizona Daily Independent.Two Tucson schools, Safford K-8 Magnet School and Cholla High Magnet School, will be the recipients of the terror-infested cash, according to Tucson News Now.
About 100 students at Cholla High Magnet School are learning Arabic. At Safford K-8 Magnet School, 125 students are learning the language.
Last year’s grant for Arabic language from the Qatar Foundation was $55,000.
A handful of similar programs funded by the Qatar charity exist in other American cities. In 2012, for example, the nonprofit provided $250,000 for a three-year pilot project for Arabic language at P.S. 368 in Harlem, reports DNA info New York. Source
If you click the link ‘reports’ in the line above you’ll see the following:
The classes are voluntary this year, but next year, all second through fifth grade students will be required to take Arabic as part of the curriculum.
The program is the first of its kind in New York City to integrate Arabic into an elementary school curriculum, organizers said.
The classes are a joint program between the Language Project and the Washington, D.C.-based, non-profit Qatar Foundation International.
“This is important because in the near future, Arabic is going to be a global language,” Mamdouh added.
“These kids are like sponges the way they learn the pronunciation and the words.”
Vartan Gregorian’s connections to Barack Obama goes back to the Chicago Annenberg Challenge (CAC). Gregorian picked Bill Ayers for the project, and Ayers selected Barack Obama to direct the funding of Ayers’ Small Schools Workshop via CAC.

William "Bill" Ayers
William “Bill” Ayers
Qatar Computing Research Institute (QCRI) has partnered with the University of Chicago…for Data Science Social Good (DSSG) summer fellowship program.
The fellowship programme is organized by former Obama for America 2012 Chief Data Scientist Rayid Ghani, funded by Eric Schmidt, Chairman of Google, and led by a team from the Computation Institute and the Harris School of Public Policy at the University of Chicago.
QCRI is working on several key humanitarian and development projects in the region and around the globe in partnership with the United Nations, Red Cross, World Bank and others, balancing its commitment to positive social change with a vision to become a world-class institute for advanced computing research. These projects support the endeavours of Qatar Foundation’s Research and Development enterprise to build Qatar into a leading center for research and development excellence and innovation. Source
The following are bits and pieces of information about Connect All Schools, partnered with the DOD and the Department of Education:

Connect All Schools
Learning Arabic in the US with Teachers in Egypt
The classes are held online, using Skype or VSee, after school, and during this time my kids got to interact and speak Arabic with native speakers in Egypt!! Sabah and Muhammad, the two instructors, played learning games with us, and got the kids up and out of their seats.
Click here to see Connect All Schools Map
In my state of Oklahoma a school is “discovering” Korea, doesn’t say whether north or south, and another school is connected to “NAIS’s Challenge 20/20 Project on Global Warming and Poverty – Hunger.”
Texas: Two of the six programs include an “exchange visit to Jordan,” and NAIS’s Challenge 20/20 Project on Digital Divide, Maritime Safety and Pollution, Global Warming and Global Poverty.
If you change the map to to “connected with Qatar” you find ”
“Summer of Science and Service between schools in Doha, Washington, DC and Boston!” and “Global TelePresence Student Debates”
Throughout the states you find the Summer of Science and Service between schools in Doha, Washington, DC and Boston.
Saudi Arabia has four programs.
Afghanistan’s program in Maine? Skyping about politics.
Azerbaijan – Measuring Carbon Footprints with Students Around the World
Egypt – About 20 programs, including Identifying Who Our Heroes Are, and Measuring Carbon Footprints with Students Around the World
The above are just a few examples of many.

If you missed it above, the Connect All Schools “One World Education” page is here.
Related and Background:Common Core Mandated, Not Law, Not Funded, Not Evidence-Based, Not Field-Tested, No Pilot Program
American Principles Scathing Review of Common Core
Posted by Storm'n Norm'n at 8/24/2013 12:30:00 PM

1 comment:

Anonymous said...
We are in a living nightmare in America. What is so,troubling is how this has proliferated in the shadows and in secret. We can only assume this will not be good for our young people or this country because any aganda that operates in secret is one that its operators know is unacceptable to society. So they work in deceit and lies to get their goals to progress . Shame on those who deceive the people of this country with their evil. May you fail at this because our God is honest and good and pure and goodness will always win over evil.
Saturday, October 12, 2013
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War against Islam

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_against_Islam#Confessions_of_a_British_Spy
  
War against Islam, War on Islam or Attack on Islam, is a coined term to describe a perceived campaign to harm, weaken or annihilate the societal system of Islam, using military, economic, social and cultural means. The campaign is alleged to be waged by non-Muslims and "false Muslims".[clarification needed]

The phrase or similar phrases have been used by Muslims such as Ayatollah Khomeini,[1] Sayyid Qutb,[2] Osama bin Laden,[3] the imam Anwar al-Awlaki,[4][5] Chechen militant Doku Umarov,[6][7] Muslim cleric Anjem Choudary,[8] Army psychiatrist Major Nidal Hasan,[9] and the organization Islamophobia Watch.[10] The English-language political neologism of "War on Islam" was coined in the 1990s and popularized only after 2001, with the "War on Terror" denounced as a "War on Islam" by critics.[11]

The alleged perpetrators of the war include Western powers (especially the United States), pro-Western Muslim states, and non-Western, non-Muslim states such as Serbia (Genocide in Bosnia), Russia (for its actions in Chechnya and the Caucasus in general),[12][13][14][15] and India (for the conflict in Kashmir).[16]

Usage

According to scholar David Cook, what some believe is scriptural evidence for the existence of the alleged war is found in a popular hadith, one that supposedly prophesies a war against Islam "is the Tradition of Thawban"[clarification needed]:[17]
The Messenger of God said: The nations are about to flock against you [the Muslims] from every horizon, just as hungry people flock to a kettle. We said: O Messenger of God, will we be few on that day? He said: No, you will be many in number, but you will be scum, like the scum of a flash-flood, without any weight, since fear will be removed from the hearts of your enemies, and weakness (wahn) will be placed in your hearts. We said: O Messenger of God, what does the word wahn mean? He said: Love of this world, and fear of death.[18]
On the authority of Thawbaan, Mohammad said:[19]
“The People will soon summon one another to attack you as people when eating invite others to share their food.” Someone asked, “Will that be because of our small numbers at that time?” He replied, “No, you will be numerous at that time: but you will be froth and scum like that carried down by a torrent (of water), and Allah will take the fear of you from the breasts (hearts) of your enemy and cast al-wahn into your hearts.” Someone asked, “O Messenger of Allah, what is al-wahn?” He replied, “Love of the world and dislike of death.”
— An authentic hadith recorded by Abu Dawud and Ahmad
An early modern example of belief in the alleged war is the book Qadat al-gharb yaquluman: dammiru al-Islam, ubidu ahlahu (Western Leaders Are Saying: Destroy Islam, Annihilate All of Its People) written by Jalal `Alam and published in 1977.[20]
A measure of the strength of the belief that a non-Muslim power (the United States) is at least attempting to weaken, if not annihilate, Islam can be found in opinion polls that showed, as of late 2006/ early 2007, strong majorities — at least 70% — in the Muslim countries of Egypt, Morocco, Pakistan, and Indonesia, answering "yes" to the pollsters' question: do you believe the United States seeks to “weaken and divide the Islamic world?”[21]
Daniel Benjamin and Steven Simon write in their book Age of Sacred Terror:
In the Middle East and Pakistan, religious discourse dominates societies, the airwaves, and thinking about the world. Radical mosques have proliferated throughout Egypt. Bookstores are dominated by works with religious themes … The demand for sharia, the belief that their governments are unfaithful to Islam and that Islam is the answer to all problems, and the certainty that the West has declared war on Islam; these are the themes that dominate public discussion. Islamists may not control parliaments or government palaces, but they have occupied the popular imagination.[22]
And in particular, the idea of a Western war against Islam is a belief "at the heart of the radical Muslim and especially the globalist radical Muslim;" a factor "binding globalist radical Muslims together."[23]
The following Muslims have either written or spoken about the alleged war, or at least alleged malicious conspiracies:

Ayatollah Khomeini

Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, leader of the Iranian Revolution and founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran, preached that Western imperialists or neoimperialists sought to make Muslims suffer, to "plunder" their resources and other wealth, and had to undermine Islam first because Islam stood in the way of this stealing and immiseration.
[The Imperialist plan] is to keep us backward, to keep us in our present miserable state so they can exploit our riches, our underground wealth, our lands and our human resources. They want us to remain afflicted and wretched, and our poor to be trapped in their misery … they and their agents wish to go on living in huge palaces and enjoying lives of abominable luxury.[24]
"Agents" refers to Westernizing Muslim rulers such as the Shah of Iran, whom Khomeini aggressively opposed.
[European-Imperialists] have known the power of Islam themselves for it once ruled part of Europe, and they know that true Islam is opposed to their activities. They have also realized they cannot make the true religious scholars submit to their influence, nor can they affect their thinking. From the very outset, therefore, they have sought to remove this obstacle from their path by disparaging Islam and besmirching the religious leaders. They have resorted to malicious propaganda so that today, we imagine that Islam simply consists of a handful of legal topics. They have also tried to destroy the reputation of the fuqaha and the `ulama, who stand at the head of Islamic society, by slanderous accusations and other means.[25]
The agents of imperialism are busy in every corner of the Islamic world drawing our youth away from us with their evil propaganda.[26]
Come to the aid of Islam; save Islam! They are destroying Islam! Invoking the laws of Islam and the name of the Most Noble Messenger (upon whom be peace and blessing), they are destroying Islam! Agents – both foreigners sent by the imperialists and natives employed by them – have spread out into every village and region of Iran and are leading our children and young people astray [27]
Western plots were not recent but hundreds of years old:
The British imperialists penetrated the countries of the East more than 300 years ago. Being knowledgeable about all aspects of these countries, they drew up elaborate plans for assuming control of them. Then came the new imperialist, the Americans and others. They allied themselves with the British and took part in the execution of their plans.[28][29]

Sayyid Qutb

Sayyid Qutb, possibly the most influential Islamist author, often described as "the man whose ideas would shape Al Qaeda",[30] also preached that the West was not just in conflict with Islam but plotting against it. In his book Milestones he wrote:
The Western ways of thought … [have] an enmity toward all religion, and in particular with greater hostility toward Islam. This enmity toward Islam is especially pronounced and many times is the result of a well-thought-out scheme the object of which is first to shake the foundations of Islamic beliefs and then gradually to demolish the structure of Muslim society.[31]

Osama bin Laden

Osama bin Laden emphasizes the alleged war and urges Muslims to take arms against it in almost all of his written or recorded messages.[32] In his 1998 fatwa where he declared the killing of "Americans and their allies—civilians and military—is an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it," bin Laden listed three reasons for the fatwa: the presence of US troops in Saudi Arabia, the increase in infant mortality in Iraq following US-supported sanctions there, and US aid to Israel.
All these crimes and sins committed by the Americans are a clear declaration of war on Allah, his messenger, and Muslims.
Other examples of accusations of war by bin Laden:
What bears no doubt in this fierce Judeo-Christian campaign against the Muslim world, the likes of which has never been seen before, is that the Muslims must prepare all possible might to repel the enemy, militarily, economically, through missionary activity, and all other areas. It is crucial for us to be patient and to cooperate in righteousness and piety and to raise awareness of the fact that the highest priority, after faith, is to repel the aggressive enemy that corrupts the religion and the world. Nothing deserves a higher priority, after faith, as the religious scholars have declared. It is crucial to overlook many of the issues of bickering to unite our ranks so that we can repel the greater Kufr.[33]
Every day, from east to west, our umma of 1200 million Muslims is being slaughtered, in Palestine, in Iraq, Somalia, Western Sudan, Kashmir, the Philippines, Bosnia and Chechnya .[34]
Regarding the invasion of Afghanistan to overthrow the Taliban regime and independence of East Timor
We...see events not as isolated incidents, but as part of a long chain of conspiracies, a war of annihilation...In southern Sudan hundreds of thousand were killed.[35]
According to journalist Lawrence Wright, evidence that bin Laden's accusations have struck a chord among many Muslims was found in the popularity of bin laden T-shirts among Muslims including children in Kenya and Tanzania following the 1998 American embassy bombings, despite the fact that all but a handful 224 people killed were Kenyians and Tanzanians, not Americans.[36]
Bin Laden says,
The West is incapable of recognising the rights of others. It will not be able to respect others' beliefs or feelings. The West still believes in ethnic supremacy and looks down on other nations. They categorise human beings into white masters and coloured slaves.[37]

Salafi scholars

Shaikh Rabee', a prominent Salafi scholar mentioned the attack on the Muslims (particularly Salafis) and blamed the Muslim Brotherhood and their allies for increasing its magnitude
So now you incited Russia and so it came and took over the Chechnyan people - those who (have always) made Jihaad and made Jihaad, until they established a state. So they came and said "destroy this state", this house is not sound, destroy it, so they destroyed their house, and now they are masaakeen, like the strange animals that wander in the forests. If they (the Ikhwaan, Jihadis) had only left them (the Chechnyan people) (after their independence), they would have bettered themselves in terms of their religion, and both spiritually and materially. But they never gave them a chance to do this, but they only hastened them, until they granted the Russians the chance (to attack them), and so they destroyed them. And now they transgress upon the Muslims in the entire world, from America to Japan to Australia, to every place and to every (Muslim) society, and to all forms of destruction, and evils. So the Muslims in the eastern and western parts of the earth are faced with humiliation and degradation at the hands of Atheistic Kuffaar, and they made the Afghan society and its state to face destruction and ruin and to the falling of this state - and now they cry of over it with false tears of crocodiles - all at the hands of the Americans and Northern Alliance which was led by the Ikhwaan al-Muslimoon.[38]
The Shaikhs of Jordan on Recent World Events, in a publication mentioned:
Hence it is obligatory upon all Muslims to beware of the plots and plans of the non-Muslims and their machinations and intrigues, and that they should adopt the matters which cause assistance from Allaah such as holding fast to the rope of Allaah, upon the word of Tawheed, and the Manhaj of the Sunnah, and the absence of division into sects and parties, just as Allaah, the Most High said, "And be not of Al-Mushrikun (the disbelievers in the Oneness of Allah, polytheists, idolators, etc.). Of those who split up their religion (i.e. those who left the true Islamic Monotheism), and became sects, [i.e. they invented new things in the religion (Bid'ah), and followed their vain desires], each sect rejoicing in which is with it"(Rum 30:31-32)
And amongst the causes of weakness and the enemies overpowering us, is differing and dissenting, and being far from the legislation of Allaah and referring to it and implementing it, and from ordering the good and forbidding the evil, and the absence of striving against the enemies of Allah, the occupiers of the lands of the Muslims and their sanctities - as well as being attached to the world, and hating death - all of which makes to inherit weakness and leads to becoming scum. As has been said by our Prophet (sallallaahu alaihi wasallam), "The nations are about to invite each other upon you, just as a group of people invite each other for food". It was said, "O messenger of Allaah! Will we be few in number on that day?" He said, "No, however you will be like the scum on the river. Weakness will be placed into your hearts and the fear of you in the hearts of your enemies will be removed, due to your loving this world and hating of death".
And Allaah, the free from all imperfections, says, "Say: It (the calamity) is from your ownselves".
And it is also known that the evil does not bring about except evil and forced control does not bring about except which is more bitter and more calamitous, hence whatever the United States of America exercises of continues, unrestricted propping up of the Brethren of Apes and Pigs, the occupiers of our land of Palestine and the precious Aqsaa, the place of the ascent of our Trustworthy Messenger (sallallaahu alaihi wasallam), and what follows on from that of the total disregard of the affairs of the Muslims, and a great prejudice against their rights, then all of this makes the US reap the fruits of its own actions, and whoever sows bitter seed, will reap bitter fruit.[39]

Claims of proof

Pope Urban II preaches the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont "I, or rather the Lord, beseech you as Christ's heralds to publish this everywhere and to persuade all people of whatever rank, foot-soldiers and knights, poor and rich, to carry aid promptly to those Christians and to destroy that vile race from the lands of our friends. I say this to those who are present, it meant also for those who are absent. Moreover, Christ commands it.".[40]

Historical basis

According to historian R.M. Savory,
"The existence of Islam has always made the West profoundly uneasy. Islam was the only major world religion to be revealed after the rise of Christianity, and consequently it was, from the moment of the revelation of Islam in the seventh century A.D., viewed by Christendom as a direct threat and challenge to itself.[41]
On the theological and religious level, the reaction of the West was strong, sustained and, almost without exception, hostile. Hostility was based on fear, and fear had its roots in ignorance. Christendom feared Islam, and therefore misrepresented it. Christians were ignorant of Islam, at least in part, because Christendom, prompted by odium theologicum had no desire to understand or tolerate Islam.[41]
Islam on the other hand, was ignorant of the West because it was indifferent to it.[41]
This fascinating experiment in co-existence was not permitted to endure. Christendom had not reconciled itself to a permanent Muslim presence in Europe, especially as this presence could not be ignored, for Islam, far from whithering [sic?] away, had produced great philosophers and scientists."[42]

Crusades

Muslims who use this term often point to the Crusades and European colonization of their lands believing it to be an example of an attempt to destroy the Muslim way of life. In addition to believing the West had "a well-thought-out scheme the object of which is first to shake the foundations of Islamic beliefs", Sayyid Qutb for example maintained that the medieval Christian Crusades were not "a form of imperialism," but rather Western imperialism was a new form of the Crusades, "latter-day" imperialism in Muslim lands being "but a mask for the crusading spirit."[43]
This claim appears to have at least some factual historical basis. Savory says:
It is not surprising, therefore, to find a great similarity between the medieval view that it was safe to speak ill of Muhammad because his malignity exceeded whatever ill could be spoken of him, and the tone of nineteenth-century missionary tracts which exhorted the Muslims in India to abandon the false religion which they had been taught. There were even echos of the old crusading spirit. When the French occupied Algeria in 1830, they declared that they had in mind 'the greatest benefit to Christendom'. Similarly, Canning's solution to the 'problem' of the Ottoman empire was to bring it into modern Europe under Christian tutelage. When the French invaded Tunis in 1881, they considered their action a sacred duty 'which a superior civilisation owes to the populations which are less advanced.[44]

Modern day

More recently, Western support for the continued existence of the State of Israel has been declared part of a "war against Islam." Osama bin Laden has declared that "the West's rejection of the fairly elected Hamas government is a reaffirmation of the 'injustice, aggression, and rancor' against Palestinians."[45] Enver Masud, an Indian Muslim and author of the book The War on Islam complains that while there are no Muslims in high-level policy making and media jobs in the United States, "Jewish Americans occupy nearly every single position relating to US Arab-Israeli policy."[46]
In modern day, events alleged to be attacks on Islam include media portrayal of the religion and the War on Terrorism.[47] Statements portraying Islam as a destructive ideology have been made by Jerry Falwell, Pat Robertson, Benny Hinn, V.S. Naipaul[48] and Ann Coulter following the 9/11 attack.[49] Franklin Graham, the son of famed American Christian evangelist Billy Graham, declared in November 2001 that "the God of Islam is not the same God. He's not the son of God of the Christian or Judeo-Christian faith. It's a different God and I believe it is a very evil and wicked religion."[50]

U.S. and UK soldiers in Helmand province. George W. Bush's reference to the invasion of Afghanistan as a crusade[51] fuelled the idea that the West was at war with Islam
On September 16, 2001, George W. Bush referred to the war in Afghanistan as a Crusade: "This crusade, this war on terrorism is going to take a while. And the American people must be patient. I'm going to be patient." [51]
According to Boston-based novelist and author James Carroll, the conflict between Muslims and Westerners "has its origins more in `the West` than in the House of Islam." And can be traced to "the poison flower of the Crusades, with their denigrations of distant cultures," and other Western injustices.[52] Proponents of this view often consider the War on Terrorism with the accompanying 2001 military activity in Afghanistan, 2003 invasion of Iraq to be part of the war against Islam.[53][54] The Western colonial domination of the Middle East for a good part of the 20th Century is also regarded as such an attack by some.[55]
Alleged conspiracies against Islam sometimes involve other Muslims who are accused of being apostates. The Ayatollah Khomeini believed that "agents of imperialism," the term he gave to secular pro-Western Muslims, were "busy in every corner of the Islamic world drawing our youth away from us with their evil propaganda."[56] Muslims at TheMajlis.net find evidence of "the primary conspiracy against Islam...not [in] Mr. Bush and Mr. Blair," but in "the enemy which lurks within the Ummah. The most poisonous and lethal enemy for Islam in this century consists of the munaafiqeen (hypocrites)and murtaddeen (apostates) who are concealing within the folds of the Ummah," but "products of kuffaar universities" and have cast doubt on traditional interpretations of the Sharia (Islamic law).[57]

Danish cartoon controversy

The 2005 Danish cartoon controversy were cartoons depicting Muhammad in a Danish newspaper that led to riots and the burning of the Norwegian and Danish Embassies in Syria, and are seen by Osama bin Laden as part of the "Zionist-crusaders war on Islam".[58][59][60][61] In an audio message,[62] bin Laden described the cartoons as taking place in the framework of a "new Crusade" against Islam, in which he said the pope has played a "large and lengthy role."
"You went overboard in your unbelief and freed yourselves of the etiquettes of dispute and fighting and went to the extent of publishing these insulting drawings," he said,[63] "This is the greater and more serious tragedy (than bombing Muslim villagers), and reckoning for it will be more severe."
Among others,[64] Iran's supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei blamed a "Zionist conspiracy" for the row over the cartoons.[65] The Palestinian envoy to Washington alleged the Likud party concocted distribution of Muhammad caricatures worldwide in a bid to create a clash between the West and the Muslim world.[66]

Fitna film controversy

In 2008, Geert Wilders, a Dutch politician, published a film called Fitna, exploring Qur'anic motivation for terrorism, Islamic universalism, and Islam in the Netherlands. Wilders has said the 15-minute film will show how verses from the Qur'an are being used today to incite modern Muslims to behave violently and anti-democratically based on those verses.[67][68][69] He later described the film as “a call to shake off the creeping tyranny of Islamization,”[70] and a push for a Leitkultur, a culture that “draws on Christian, Jewish, humanistic traditions and that poses a challenge to the Islamic problem.”[71]
The Organisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC) protested the film saying "The film is solely intended to incite and provoke unrest and intolerance among people of different religious beliefs and to jeopardize world peace and stability,"[72][73] U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon condemned the film as "offensively anti-Islamic" and U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights Louise Arbour said it was "hateful".[72] Iran called the film heinous, blasphemous and anti-Islamic, and Indonesia, the world's most populous Muslim nation and a former Dutch colony, said it was an "insult to Islam, hidden under the cover of freedom of expression".[72] The Saudi Arabian embassy in The Hague said the film was provocative and full of errors and incorrect allegations that could lead to hate towards Muslims.[72][74]

See also

References

  1. Jump up ^ "KHOMEINI, AYATOLLAH". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved June 2, 2013.
  2. Jump up ^ Richard Cohen (Aug 10, 2010). "The Economist's unforgivable silence on Sayyid Qutb's anti-Semitism". Washington Post. Retrieved June 2, 2013.
  3. Jump up ^ Michael Slackman (April 24, 2006). "Bin Laden Says West Is Waging War Against Islam". New York Times. Retrieved June 2, 2013.
  4. Jump up ^ Paula newton (March 17, 2010). "Purported al-Awlaki message calls for jihad against U.S.". CNN. Retrieved June 2, 2013.
  5. Jump up ^ "The Evolution of a Radical Cleric: Quotes from Anwar al-Awlaki". New York Times. May 8, 2010. Retrieved June 2, 2013.
  6. Jump up ^ Simon Saradzhyan (May 2, 2013). "Are Chechen Immigrants a 'Threat'?". Huffington Post.
  7. Jump up ^ Oliver Bullough (April 19, 2013). "Beslan Meets Columbine". New York Times.
  8. Jump up ^ Elad Bernai (Feb 23, 2011). "Obama Should Embrace Islam, Says Muslim Cleric". Israel National News. Retrieved June 2, 2013.
  9. Jump up ^ Catherine Herridge (July 26, 2013). "Accused Fort Hood shooter releases statement to Fox News". Fox News.
  10. Jump up ^ "Islamophobia Watch: Documenting the war against Islam". Muslim in Suffer. Oct 25, 2007.
  11. Jump up ^ e.g. Abid Ullah Jan, War on Islam?: What Does the "war on Terror" Mean for the Muslim and Non-Muslim World? (2002).
  12. Jump up ^ Here Osama bin Laden says:
    This is why they established institutions and enacted laws to maintain their supremacy by creating the United Nations and the veto power.... They regard jihad for the sake of God or defending one's self or his country as an act of terror. US and Europe consider jihad groups in Palestine, Chechnya, Iraq and Afghanistan as terrorist groups, so how could we talk or have understanding with them without using weapons?
  13. Jump up ^ Human Rights Watch: Chechnya: Research Shows Widespread and Systematic Use of Torture
  14. Jump up ^ Chechnya Holds Parliamentary Vote, Morning Edition, NPR, 28 November 2005.
  15. Jump up ^ Government efforts help only some IDPs rebuild their lives, IDMC, 13 August 2007
  16. Jump up ^ [dead link] Here Osama bin Laden mentions:
    Meanwhile, a UN resolution passed more than half a century ago gave Muslim Kashmir the liberty of choosing independence from India and Kashmir. George Bush, the leader of the Crusaders' campaign, announced a few days ago that he will order his converted agent [Pakistan President Pervez] Musharraf to shut down the Kashmir mujahidin camps, thus affirming that it is a Zionist-Hindu war against Muslims.
  17. Jump up ^ Cook, Understanding Jihad (2005), p.143
  18. Jump up ^ Abu Da'ud, Sunan, (Beirut, 1988), IV, p.108 (no. 4297) quoted in Cook, Understanding Jihad - Abu Dawood declared some of Hadiths (including the abouve) in his book to be unauthentic (2005), p.143
  19. Jump up ^ "Al-Wahn, A Deadly Disease". www.IISCA.org. Retrieved 22 March 2012.
  20. Jump up ^ Cook, Understanding Jihad, (2005), p.137
  21. Jump up ^ Poll conducted from December 2006 to February 2007 by WorldPublicOpinion.org Muslims Believe US Seeks to Undermine Islam
  22. Jump up ^ (italics added), The Age of Sacred Terror by Daniel Benjamin and Steven Simon, New York : Random House, c2002, p.172-3
  23. Jump up ^ Cook Understanding Jihad, 2005, p.136
  24. Jump up ^ Khomeini, Islam and Revolution (1981) p.34
  25. Jump up ^ Khomeini, Islam and Revolution, (1981) p.140
  26. Jump up ^ Khomeini, Islam and Revolution (1981) p.127
  27. Jump up ^ Khomeini, Islam and Revolution (1981) p.128
  28. Jump up ^ Khomeini, Islam and Revolution (1981) p.139
  29. Jump up ^ Some seculate that the figure of 300 years may come from the date of farthest advance of Muslim armies. On September 11, 1683, the king of Poland began the Battle of Vienna where the army of the Ottoman Empire under Grand Vizier Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha was defeated. In the next two centuries the Ottoman Empire was militarily rolled back and economically overshadowded and by Western Christian military power and technology. see: Wright, Lawrence, Looming Tower, (2006), p.171
  30. Jump up ^ PBS program America at the crossroads "Qutb, founder of the Muslim Brotherhood, visits America in 1948"
  31. Jump up ^ Qutb, Milestones, (1981) p.116
  32. Jump up ^ bin Laden, Messages, (2006)
  33. Jump up ^ published in Islamic magazine from Australia, Nida'ul Islam (The Call of Islam), October–November 1996
  34. Jump up ^ bin Laden, Messages, (2006), p.153, from December 2001 statement recorded for release to al-Jazeera, shown on al-Jazeera December 26.
  35. Jump up ^ bin Laden, Messages, (2006), p.133, from Letter to al-Jazeera's Kabul Bureau November 3, 2001, 10 days before the Northern Alliance entry.)
  36. Jump up ^ Wright, Looming Towers (2006), p.285
  37. Jump up ^ Transcript of Osama bin Laden's audiotape, dated April 23, 2006
  38. Jump up ^ CAF020010.PDF
  39. Jump up ^ http://www.salafipublications.com/sps/downloads/pdf/CAF020007.pdf
  40. Jump up ^ Fulcher of Chartres' account of Urban's speech, Urban II: Speech at Council of Clermont, 1095, Five versions of the Speech (available as part of the Internet Medieval Sourcebook).
  41. ^ Jump up to: a b c Savory, R.M., Christendom vs Islam: interaction & co-existence, Introduction to Islamic Civilisation, p.127
  42. Jump up ^ Savory, R.M., Christendom vs Islam: interaction & co-existence, Introduction to Islamic Civilisation, p.128
  43. Jump up ^ Qutb, Milestones, p.159-160
  44. Jump up ^ Savory, R.M., Christendom vs Islam: interaction & co-existence, Introduction to Islamic Civilisation, p.134
  45. Jump up ^ Osama bin Laden: Taking Stock of the "Zionist-Crusader War" By Michael Scheuer
  46. Jump up ^ What is worse than terrorist attacks?
  47. Jump up ^ Al-Qaida leader warns of new attacks Aljazeera.net, FEBRUARY 27, 2004
  48. Jump up ^ VS Naipaul launches attack on Islam accessed 10-23-2007
  49. Jump up ^ Stop The Attack Against Islam accessed 10-23-2007
  50. Jump up ^ source: Muslim Public Affairs Council, MPACnews, 19 November 2001, quoting Graham from remarks on `NBC Nightly News` on 16 November 2001, (broadcast@listsmpac-news.org)
  51. ^ Jump up to: a b President: Today We Mourned, Tomorrow We Work
  52. Jump up ^ "The war against Islam" by James Carroll, June 7, 2005.
  53. Jump up ^ Young, British and ready to fight
  54. Jump up ^ This is not a cartoon war
  55. Jump up ^ "A Moment to Pause and Reflect" by John V. Whitbeck, accessed 10-23-2007
  56. Jump up ^ Khomeini, Islam and Revolution, (1981), p.127
  57. Jump up ^ THE PRIMARY CONSPIRACY AGAINST ISLAM accessed 10-23-2007
  58. Jump up ^ Bin Laden Says West Is Waging War Against Islam
  59. Jump up ^ The racist crusade against Muslims accessed 10-23-2007
  60. Jump up ^ 'A conspiracy against Islam' accessed 10-23-2007
  61. Jump up ^ Islamophobia Watch, Documenting the war against Islam categories of the website include "Danish Cartoons"
  62. Jump up ^ [1][dead link]
  63. Jump up ^ Transcript released by the SITE Institute, a U.S. group that monitors terror messages
  64. Jump up ^ "Qatari University Lecturer Ali Muhi Al-Din Al-Qardaghi: Muhammad Cartoon Is a Jewish Attempt to Divert European Hatred from Jews to Muslims", Al-Jazeera/MemriTV, 2 March 2006.
  65. Jump up ^ "Cartoons 'part of Zionist plot'", Guardian, 7 February 2006.
  66. Jump up ^ "PA: Likud behind Muhammad cartoons", ynet, 13 February 2006.
  67. Jump up ^ "Koranfilm Wilders heet 'het kwaad'". telegraaf.nl (in Dutch). 2008-02-09. Retrieved 2008-03-08.
  68. Jump up ^ Murray, Douglas (2008-03-12). "A film-maker who lives in the shadow of a fatwa". Spectator.co.uk. Retrieved 2008-03-24.
  69. Jump up ^ "Nieuwsbrief Maart". Nieuwsbrief - Partij voor de Vrijheid (The PVV) mailing list. 2008-03-11. Retrieved 2008-03-11.
  70. Jump up ^ Park, Michael (2008-01-21). "Iran Warns Netherlands Not to Air Controversial 'Anti-Muslim' Film". Fox News. Retrieved 2008-03-08.
  71. Jump up ^ Traufetter, Gerald (2008-03-31). "SPIEGEL Interview with Dutch Populist Geert Wilders: 'Moderate Islam Is a Contradiction'". Der Spiegel. Retrieved 2008-03-31.
  72. ^ Jump up to: a b c d By Niclas Mika for Reuters Additional reporting by Rotterdam, Amsterdam, Jakarta, Tehran, Islamabad, Aarhus and Brussels bureau; Writing by Emma Thomasson; Editing by Jon Boyle
  73. Jump up ^ http://www.euronews.net/index.php?page=info&article=477630&lng=1
  74. Jump up ^ News agency ANP

Further reading

  • A War on Islam? by Abid Ullah Jan
  • The War on Islam by Enver Masud
  • Cook, David (c2005). Understanding Jihad. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-24448-6.
  • Khomeini, Ruhollah; Algar, Hamid (translator and editor) (1981). Islam and Revolution : Writing and Declarations of Imam Khomeini. Berkeley: Mizan Press.
  • bin Laden, Osama; James Howarth (translator) (2005). Messages to the world : the statements of Osama Bin Laden. New York: Verso.
  • Qutb, Sayyid (1981). Milestones. The Mother Mosque Foundation.

External links

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