In September 1964, the Warren Commission concluded that Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone when he assassinated President John F. Kennedy, the 35th president of the United States and the only Roman Catholic elected to the office.

Each year, new evidence emerges that indicates Lee Harvey Oswald was a much different person than the one portrayed by the Warren Commission following the assassination of President John F. Kennedy in November 1963. Reuters/Dallas Police Department

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The commission said that on Nov. 22, 1963, at about 12:30 p.m. Central Time, Oswald fired three shots from behind the presidential motorcade on the sixth floor in the Texas School Book Depository building using a Mannlicher-Carcano rifle, as the presidential motorcade passed through Dealey Plaza in Dallas.

The report concluded the following: One shot struck Kennedy in the back of the neck and exited through his throat and then hit Texas Gov. John Connally, creating five wounds in Connally’s body. A shot after the aforementioned shot struck Kennedy in the rear portion of his head, killing him. Another shot missed the motorcade, but its ricochet injured bystander James Tague in the cheek as he stood 270 feet west of the motorcade on the Stemmons Freeway Overpass; the commission did not specify whether the missed shot was the first or third shot.

Accused Assassin Arrested In 90 Minutes

Approximately 90 minutes after the assassination, Oswald was captured in the Texas Theatre in Dallas. He was arrested first for the handgun murder of Dallas police officer J.D. Tippit, whom the Warren Commission concluded Oswald had also killed after the Dealey Plaza shooting, and he was later charged with murdering President Kennedy. However, the accused Oswald did not get to stand trial because Dallas strip club/nightclub owner Jack Ruby shot and killed Oswald two days later, on Nov. 24, 1963, at 11:21 a.m. Central Time, as Oswald was being transferred by police from a Dallas police station cell to a nearby county jail.

Further, the accepted and widely published profile of Oswald in the initial months and years after the assassination was that of a “low-achievement, socially isolated, ill-educated Communist determined to kill someone of significance in the United States.” He was portrayed in the media as “a revolutionary who sought a change in the economic order from capitalism to communism by violent means,” or as a “mentally unstable/crazy person,” or some combination of the above.

A Second Commission, A Different Conclusion

Later, in 1979, a second U.S. government commission rendered a different conclusion regarding who killed President Kennedy. The House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA) concluded that Kennedy was very likely assassinated as a result of a plot/conspiracy, and that scientific acoustical evidence established a high probability that at least two gunman fired at the president -- with three shots fired from the TSBD (the book depository) and one shot from the grassy knoll. However, the HSCA was unable to identify the other gunman or the extent of the conspiracy.

Also, the HSCA agreed with the Warren Commission regarding Oswald’s role, but it specified which rifle shot from the TSBD missed the motorcade. The HSCA concluded that Oswald had fired three rifle shots at Kennedy, with the first missing the motorcade and the next two hitting it, the last of which struck Kennedy in the head, killing him.

However, rather than close the JFK assassination case, the Warren Commission’s and the HSCA’s work and conclusions did just the opposite.

In particular, questions remain about the Warren Commission’s failure to: interview some Dealey Plaza witnesses; review discrepancies between the conclusions of the Parkland Hospital physicians’ examination and the evidence provided by the Bethesda [Maryland] Naval Hospital’s autopsy photos; investigate the destruction of vital forensic presidential limousine evidence; evaluate the Dallas Police Department’s interrogation of Oswald.

These and other concerns have led many assassination researchers to reject the Warren Commission's conclusions, either in whole or in part, and argue, like the HSCA, that more than one person fired gunshots at President Kennedy that day in a plot or conspiracy to kill the president.

Conversely, lone-gunman supporters stand by the Warren Commission’s report and conclusion, on the grounds that not enough hard evidence exists to undermine the commission’s conclusion that Oswald acted alone.

Hence, one can summarize the state of the research and investigation into the assassination of President Kennedy as this:

To date, there’s no “smoking gun,” or, in other words, while there’s no incontrovertible evidence of a plot or conspiracy to assassinate President Kennedy, there is a pattern of suspicious activity, along with a series of anomalies and a commonality of interests among key parties, that compel additional research and the release to the public of key documents.

Researchers' Work, Released Documents Revealing More Information

Of course, lone-gunman supporters argue that as far as who assassinated President Kennedy, there’s nothing more to research: for them, it’s a settled issue. Even so, each year, new evidence becomes available -- on a variety of aspects in the case -- that tell us more than we knew previously about what really happened on that ignominious and fateful day in Dallas.

Further, one current research trend concerns the life of Lee Harvey Oswald -- in addition to research into witness evidence, forensic evidence, Parkland medical exam/Bethesda autopsy evidence, ballistic evidence, limousine evidence and interrogation evidence.

As mentioned, in the initial months and years after the assassination, the accepted and widely circulated profile of Oswald was that of a “low-achievement, socially isolated, communist” or a “radical who sought a change in the economic order from capitalism to communism by violent means” or a “mentally unstable/crazy person,” or some combination thereof.

However, the release of documents and research by historians, assassination researchers and other investigators indicates that Oswald was a much different person than the one who was initially portrayed after the assassination of President Kennedy.

Further, some of the recent, hard evidence on Oswald -- far from confirming a low-achievement individual -- reveals that he was a multiskilled individual who had a number of accomplishments. And while other pieces of hard evidence increase historians' clarity about various periods in Oswald’s life, much of it nevertheless begs other questions.

18 Questions That May Get the Nation Closer To The Truth

It’s those questions -- 18 of which are listed below -- that, when answered, will give the American people and others around the world a better understanding of who Lee Harvey Oswald was.

1) The United States Navy Base at Atsugi, Japan, to which U. S. Marine Corps member Oswald was assigned from September 1957 to November 1958, was not just a run-of-the-mill U.S. Navy-operated defense base. It was and is a Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) base. Among other intelligence operations, the Atsugi base was one of two bases from which the CIA operated the top secret U-2 spy plane, which flew reconnaissance and surveillance missions over the Soviet Union and China. Why was the low-achieving, nondescript Oswald assigned to such a top secret and important base?

2) When Oswald defected to the Soviet Union in October 1959, as a former Marine, a 201 File on him containing personnel documents should have been created by the CIA, because he had been stationed at a top secret naval base. No such file was immediately opened; instead, it was delayed. Why?

Rather, a 201 File on him was created a year later, in December 1960, and that late opening compels questions regarding how the CIA interpreted Oswald’s defection.

To underscore, the CIA’s treatment of Oswald’s defection was an anomaly -- it says something about who Oswald was, or, minimally, how his file was viewed by the CIA. If a former U.S. Marine defected from the United States to the Soviet Union at the height of the Cold War, and if he truly posed a risk of giving U.S. radar secrets and other sensitive information to the Russians, then why did the CIA did not immediately open a 201 File on him?

3) Oswald traveled through four nations in Europe en route to his defection to the Soviet Union, but he had virtually no money. As a person of modest means, how did Oswald finance his complicated defection trip?

4) During his trip through Europe to the Soviet Union, Oswald traveled from England to Helsinki, Finland, and initially checked in to the Hotel Torni -- which was roughly equivalent to staying at the Ritz Carlton. Where did the cash-strapped, low-resource, working-class Oswald get the money to stay at such a high-class hotel?

Perhaps Oswald underestimated the Torni’s hotel fees, because he soon checked out and sought another hotel -- but his second choice wasn’t much cheaper: the Klaus Kurki Hotel -- another four-star hotel -- which was similar in quality to the Four Seasons.

5) Upon arriving in the Soviet Union, Oswald said he was a U.S. Marine Corp. radar operator, and that he knew some “classified things” that he planned to give to the Soviets. However, Oswald was never punished by the U.S. government for making these disloyal statements. Why?

6) Oswald, despite his Marxist beliefs and defection to the Soviet Union, was later allowed to return to the United States after he decided he was wrong to defect and had become disillusioned with the form of communism practiced by the Russians. Despite his defection and all-but abandoned Soviet sympathies, and despite it being the height of the Cold War, Oswald was permitted by the U.S. government to return to the United States. Why?

7) Just before he re-defected to the United States, Oswald wrote to his mother, Marguerite Oswald, telling her that before he traveled to his home in New Orleans, “I plan to stop over in Washington for a while.” Why did Oswald stop in Washington, D.C.? What did he do there?

8) After he defected back to the United States from the Soviet Union, Oswald was de-briefed by the CIA, which the CIA initially lied about by claiming the interview did not occur. The CIA, when documents later surfaced that it had de-briefed Oswald, revised its story and called this meeting a “routine contact” for anyone who re-defected to the United States. Was this a routine contact? Or something more substantial? And why did the CIA initially lie about its contact with Oswald?

9) Some “Hands Off Cuba” leaflets, which Oswald distributed in August 1963 on the day of his arrest in New Orleans following a scuffle with anti-Castro protesters, were stamped with the address 544 Camp Street, which had no connection to any pro-Castro organization but did identify the building in which the offices of Guy Bannister, a private investigator involved in anti-Castro activities, were located. Why did they have a 544 Camp Street address?

10) The Warren Commission portrayed Oswald as a disgruntled, low-achievement loner. But the record shows that Oswald was a Civil Air Patrol cadet and a U.S. Marine Corps radar operator who was also trained in electronics, interrogation techniques and the Russian language. Oswald was also able to defect to the Soviet Union, live in Russia for two years and re-defect with a Russian wife … and gain re-admission to the United States in a matter of days after applying for re-defection. That’s a remarkable training, skills and accomplishment record for a low-achievement, low-resource citizen. How can one reconcile the Warren Commission’s profile with what the Oswald record shows?

11) The U.S. State Department extended Oswald a loan to pay for his travel expenses to return to the United States. As JFK Assassination Researcher Bob Harris points out, that’s pretty generous treatment during the height of the Cold War for someone with a Marxist past, who could have been a potential subversive and traitor to his country. Why did the State Department extend the loan?

12) After returning to the United States, Oswald contacted these three organizations within 90 days: the Fair Play For Cuba Committee, the American Civil Liberties Union and the Congress of Racial Equality -- three organizations at the top of FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover’s subversive list. Why did Oswald contact the organizations Hoover was trying to infiltrate and undermine the most?

13) Despite being, arguably, the most important crime case in modern U.S. history, crime investigators in Dallas did not have a legal, stenographic record made of the interrogation of Oswald after his arrest, aside from memoranda written by interrogators. And the two forms of records are not remotely the same: The actual interrogation time of Oswald was about 10-12 hours -- why was there no stenographic record made that reflects that amount of time for the interrogation? And given the importance of the case, why wasn’t a professional stenographer used? And why wasn’t an audio recording of the interrogation sessions made?

14) As noted, Oswald was portrayed by the Warren Commission as being a low-achievement loner and a very ordinary person. Yet, throughout his life, Oswald was surrounded by high-achievement, extraordinary people: David Ferrie, Priscilla Johnson McMillan, George de Mohrenschildt, Ruth Hyde Paine and Michael Paine, to list a few. How can one reconcile the Warren Commission’s profile of Oswald with the relationships Oswald had with these accomplished individuals during his adult life?

15) The Warren Commission also portrays Oswald as a mentally unstable/crazy person, but Oswald was nevertheless able to attract and court -- in a foreign country, no less -- Marina Prusakova, a pharmacy employee, of Minsk, Russia (then the Soviet Union), whom he married in 1959. How can one reconcile the Warren Commission’s conclusion that Oswald was mentally unstable -- which generally is not viewed as a quality likely to attract a mate -- with Marina Prusakova’s willingness to marry Oswald?

Oswald was also able to re-defect to the United States with his Russian wife, quickly, after he requested to return to his native country. Why was he able to do so with such speed and ease?

16) CIA Operations Officer George Joannides of Miami, now deceased, guided and monitored the New Orleans chapter of an anti-Castro Cuban exile group, the Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil (DRE), that Oswald had a series of encounters with in the summer of 1963, three months before Kennedy was murdered.

Later, in 1978, Joannides served as CIA liaison to the House Select Committee on Assassinations, but he did not disclose this obvious conflict-of-interest to the HSCA regarding his role in the events of 1963. Why?

HSCA Chief Counsel G. Robert Blakey said that had he known who Joannides was at that time, Joannides would have not continued as CIA liaison and instead would have become a witness who would have been interrogated under oath by the HSCA staff or by the committee.

17) Thirty-five years later, the CIA continues to oppose the release of Joannides’ files that relate to the JFK assassination. Why? (The public release of these files, among other classified JFK files, is being sought by author/researcher Jefferson Morley in the ongoing Morley v. CIA suit.) The CIA says the Joannides files must remain classified due to “national security.” Why?

18) The classified files of CIA officers David Atlee Philips, who was involved in pre-assassination surveillance of Oswald; Birch D O’Neal, who as counter-intelligence head of the CIA opened a file on defector Oswald; E. Howard Hunt; William King Harvey; Anne Goodpasture; and David Sanchez Morales -- when made public, these files will also help the nation determine what really happened in Dallas, who Oswald was, and how the CIA treated and handled his file. But as with Joannides’ files, the CIA said these files must remain classified until at least 2017, and perhaps longer, due to U.S. national security. Why? It has been 50 years. What event or act that occurred 50 years ago could possibly be in these files that could hurt U.S. national security?

Determining Factor On Oswald - The Record

Answers to these questions, and others, will not incontrovertibly prove that there was -- or was not -- a second gunman in Dealey Plaza during the assassination of President John F. Kennedy.

But they will give the American people a better idea about whether the initial portrayal of Lee Harvey Oswald by the media and authorities was the truth. Or a lie.

Pelaku bom boston mengaku tidak bersalah

Terbaru 11 Juli 2013 - 08:00 WIB

http://www.bbc.co.uk/indonesia/dunia/2013/07/130711_sidang_bom_boston.shtml

Dzhokhar Tsarnaev dikenai 30 dakwaan dengan ancaman hukuman mati.

Tersangka pelaku bom Boston Dzhokhar Tsarnaev mengaku tidak bersalah atas semua dakwaan dalam sidang perdana.

Tsarnaev, 19, menghadapi 30 dakwaan penggunaan senjata perusak massa dalam dua ledakan yang menewaskan tiga orang di garis akhir maraton Boston, 15 April silam.

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Link terkait

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Dia tampil di persidangan dalam kondisi terborgol dan menggunakan pakaian penjara berwarna oranye, dan menjawab ''tidak bersalah'' saat dakwaan dibacakan di pengadilan.

Jaksa mengancam dirinya dengan hukuman mati.

Tersangka juga didakwa atas kematian orang ke empat, seorang petugas polisi universitas, yang diduka ditembak mati oleh Tsarnaev dan saudaranya Tamerlan saat pengejaran berlangsung pasca serangan bom.

Dia juga didakwa dalam insiden pembajakan mobil dan mengunduh materi internet dari situs Islam radikal beberapa kali sebelum melakukan serangan.

Keluarga di persidangan

Persidangan yang berlangsung di pengadilan federal Boston tersebut dipenuhi oleh warga yang ingin menyaksikan secara langsung persidangan yang hanya berjalan selama tujuh menit.

Tsarnaev tiba di gedung pengadilan dengan wajah terlihat bengkak dan lengan berbalut gips.

Dua saudara perempuannya ikut dalam persidangan. Satu terlihat menangis dan yang lainnya terlihat menggendong bayi.

Sebelum dia meninggalkan persidangan, Tsarnaev tersenyum dan memberikan lambaian kecupan untuk anggota keluarganya yang berada di ruang pengadilan.

Di antara kerumunan massa yang menghadiri persidangan, terdapat teman Tsarnaev, Hank Alvarez, 19. Dia mengatakan: '' Baru kenal dia, sulit untuk mengetahui fakta bahwa dia pelakunya.''

Tsarnaev, seorang warga AS, tidak hadir dalam persidangan sebelumnya saat sebuah juri federal sepakat untuk memberikannya 30 dakwaan.

Tsarnaev dan saudaranya Tamerlan, 26, yang tewas dalam pengejaran menjadi tersangka dalam insiden bom panci presto yang menewaskan tiga orang dan melukai 260 orang.

Kedua bersaudara itu berasal dari keluarga Muslim etnis Chechnya dari Rusia dan telah tinggal di AS selama sekitar satu dekade.

Reimagining the scene in Dallas that fated day Photo illustration by Lisa Mahapatra

I was sitting at my desk in Lower Manhattan when President John F. Kennedy was assassinated.

It was Nov. 22, 2013, a day that will go down as one of the darkest in America’s history, but as the morning began, my colleagues and I were working in the newsroom as usual, trolling blogs and social media for a trending story or piece of news to write about.
At exactly 1:31 p.m. EST, the reporter in the neighboring cubicle popped his head up and asked if I had seen anything about the president being shot in Dallas.
Probably just another hoax, I figured, as just two weeks earlier Richard Burton had been rumored dead for days until Elizabeth Taylor finally tweeted that they had simply been out yachting on the Mediterranean.
When I pulled up TweetDeck, however, I saw that dozens of people were retweeting the rumor, and eventually several grainy Instagram photos (most likely using the Hudson filter) of the first lady crawling on the trunk of a black Lincoln convertible as the president slumped in the back seat started making the rounds. It seemed that the story was shaping up to be true.
Yet CNN, which plays silently on the flatscreen on the wall in our office all day, oddly had not yet mentioned the shooting. It was nearly 15 minutes before the station finally posted a red-and-white banner that read, “BREAKING: Reports Suggest JFK Shot Dead.”
CNN and most of the other networks, having cut their full-time president-trailing teams years ago, had no one there yet to do a live broadcast from Dealey Plaza, but a tea party protester on a nearby grassy knoll was able to get a six-second Vine clip of Kennedy being shot in the head, which quickly went viral with the title “Prez Kennedy Shot #Dallas #JFK #RIPJFK.”
The shooting quickly dominated Twitter Trends, with hashtags like #JFKShot, #PrayForJFK and #KennedyDead skyrocketing nationally and around the globe. BuzzFeed quickly verified that Kennedy had in fact died as a result of a gunshot wound to the head.
Reddit had been on the story since the first tweets started showing up, and a live stream compiling news reports, witness accounts, images and other information shot to the top of its front page. A second Reddit thread quickly joined the first on the front page, this one from the /r/conspiracy subreddit.
Already Redditors were openly positing that Kennedy had been killed by homegrown Islamic terrorists, the Illuminati, or a member of Open Carry Texas, a gun-rights organization that had been particularly incensed by Kennedy’s recent gun control proposals and whose members had shown up along the motorcade route with assault rifles slung over their backs in a legal, dramatic demonstration of their right to bear arms.
Another group of commenters suggested that the entire event had been a “false-flag” operation aimed at inuring the populace against violence in order to allow the New World Order to tighten its grip in advance of its coming takeover.
Anonymous also immediately took heat online, though the collective denied having anything to do with the shooting, and shortly thereafter a Twitter account associated with the group claimed responsibility for a DDoS attack that shut down the websites of the Dallas Tea Party, Open Carry Texas and other local conservative groups.
Wolf Blitzer was on the scene in Dallas within a couple of hours, reporting live, first declaring breathlessly that “a law enforcement source” said police were looking for three shooters, likely of Islamic descent, wearing black hoodies, though he retracted those details 20 minutes later. He was cordoned off in a media pen near the south end of Dealey Plaza with other broadcast reporters but was able to comment on the steady stream of black SUVs, police cars and riot squad tanks that poured into the area, concluding that “the shooters appear to still be on the loose” and that “there is a lot of law enforcement activity going on.”
Meanwhile, Fox News found itself embroiled in controversy when a guest took to discussing the political implications of Kennedy's death on a live Fox broadcast less than four hours after Kennedy's death. The conservative radio host predicted that Democrats would seek to capitalize on the assassination in a cynical bid to build support for the party and pick up congressional seats in 2014 and hold onto the White House in 2016. Shepard Smith and Roger Ailes swiftly decried the timing of the remarks, calling them insensitive and out of place at a time of national mourning.
SWAT teams from Dallas, Arlington, Fort Worth and suburban Cleburne -- which naturally has its own 10-man SWAT crew to police its 29,000 residents -- as well as various riot squads assembled in full combat gear, monitoring Dealey Plaza and surrounding areas to quash any visible outcry before it could get out of hand.
In a typical scene, four weeping teenage girls overcome by the sheer terror of having seen a YouTube video of their beloved president being shot in the head, rushed from a nearby Best Buy to the presidential procession route about an hour after the shooting in hopes of finding a friend whose baton-twirling troupe had been scheduled to perform during the festivities. Upon approaching Elm Street, the teens were promptly Maced by two riot squad officers, who then zip-tied their hands behind their backs and threw them in the back of a paddy wagon with a dozen other "persons of interest."
It was later learned that immediately following the shooting, the FBI and the Secret Service took jurisdiction over the Greater Dallas metropolitan region, establishing a perimeter around the parade route and taking everyone within it into custody for questioning. Each subject was interrogated, some for as long as 12 hours, while a number of young men fitting undisclosed descriptions were subjected to lengthy “enhanced interrogation techniques” deemed necessary for national security purposes.
Drones and helicopters flew overhead for days after the shooting, and federal agents set up a crisis center, through which they monitored all communications, deployed heavily armed agents to search entire blocks of Dallas homes, and ran scrambling software that intermittently disrupted local Internet and cell phone networks following the shooting.
The National Rifle Association would remain uncharacteristically quiet until two weeks after the shooting, when it issued a short statement suggesting that the national tragedy might have been averted if the Rotary Club of Dallas volunteers selling miniature flags along the parade route had been armed.
Anti-gun activists were quicker to the punch, filling Facebook feeds with links to articles touting strict gun control measures from the moment after news of the shooting broke, then mostly forgetting about the issue as the news cycle was subsumed by revelations that Miley Cyrus, James Franco and Rush Limbaugh were captured in smartphone photos and videos taken along the procession route just prior to the assassination.
For the next few days, media outlets focused on identifying other potential celebrities in the crowd, as well as rumors that Kennedy had slept with Cyrus one spring night in Hyannis Port. Shortly after Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn in as Kennedy’s successor, a 21-year-old hacker dredged up White House security camera footage of Johnson taken on Nov. 22 that led to speculation that he was drunk on Cutty Sark when his former boss was killed.
Despite the wild scrum of rumors and conspiracy theories that emerged in the immediate aftermath of the shooting, the proliferation of smartphone images and YouTube clips chronicled that fated Dallas day in a piecemeal but coherent montage. As a result, there was no question about what exactly had happened.
The FBI, however, refused to release the results of its own investigation, including its ballistics team's findings and Kennedy’s autopsy and toxicology reports, which were classified as Top Secret -- a fact that fed Internet speculation that the agency might have been involved in the shooting.
Lee Harvey Oswald, whom the government would later finger in multiple investigations as Kennedy’s assassin and who was identified as such on the home page of the Daily Mail with the headline “Lee Oswald: JFK Assassin?” within hours of the attack, was shot dead only two days later by Jack Ruby, whose list of Twitter followers ballooned from less than 600 to several million following his arrest.
The firestorm over the feds’ refusal to reveal the classified documents and evidence it says prove Oswald’s guilt continues to this day. But the nation is largely moving on as Johnson grapples with the Iranian nuclear threat, Kennedy’s widow tours the nation with former U.S. Rep. Gabrielle Giffords in support of gun control measures (do we hear 2016 calling?) and a proposed memorial to Kennedy remains unfunded by a perpetually gridlocked Congress. Despite all the challenges that face the nation in the wake of his tragic death, Americans are united in one thing: we will #NeverForgetJFK.

Enam Kali Pelaku Bom Boston Bilang Tak Bersalah

Kamis, 11 Juli 2013 16:38 WIB

http://www.tribunnews.com/internasional/2013/07/11/enam-kali-pelaku-bom-boston-bilang-tak-bersalah

Reuters

Tersangka pelaku bom Boston. Tamerlan Tsarnaev (26), kiri, tewas dalam baku tembak dengan polisi pada Jumat (19/4) di hari. Adiknya Dzhokhar Tsarnaev (19) ditangkap pada Jumat malam waktu setempat atau Sabtu pagi (WIB).

TRIBUNNEWS.COM, BOSTON - Terdakwa kasus peledakan bom dalam ajang Maraton Boston, Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, mengaku tidak bersalah atas tuduhan penggunaan senjata pemusnah massal untuk membunuh, di pengadilan federal Boston, Rabu (10/7/2103), waktu setempat.

"Tidak bersalah," ujarnya sambil mencondongkan tubuhnya ke arah mikrofon seperti diberitakan oleh Foxnews.com, Kamis.

Setidaknya ada setengah lusin, Dzhokhar menyatakan dirinya tidak bersalah di ruang persidangan.

Jaksa Federal AS, tengah menimbang akan menuntut hukuman mati untuk Dzhokhar yang tampil di persidangan dengan alat bantu berjalan.

Selain itu bentuk rahang Tamerlan terlihat miring, diperkirakan akibat luka yang ia alami saat dibekuk oleh pihak berwenang AS.

Sidang perdana Dzhokhar, berlangsung singkat tak lebih dari tujuh menit, namun ruang sidangnya penuh sesak oleh pengunjung.

Kebanyakan dari mereka merupakan anggota keluarga korban, dan polisi. (foxnews.com)

Konspirasi Bom Boston Marathon 15 April 2013

Updated about 3 months ago

https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.373422069433165.1073741831.122949234480451&type=1

[BREAKING NEWS] 3 orang tewas dan 28 luka-luka akibat adanya 2 ledakan dekat garis finish disaat penyelenggaraan Boston Marathon dikota Boston, AS. Senin (15/04/2013). Ledakan dari dalam JFK Library.

This video is public. Two Explosions at Boston Marathon (UP CLOSE MIXED)
http://youtu.be/DIXqNgIqvRg

"Two explosions at the Boston Marathon. Let's not forget that the FBI has been behind virtually every domestic terror plot in the US." said Alex Jones ( http://www.infowars.com/ )

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[Catatan Editor: "Ketidak sengajaan" adanya penyisiran bom ini sama seperti dengan Pengeboman Madrid dan Pengeboman London 7/7 dan pengeboman lainnya, ada penyisiran bom yang seakan bertepatan dengan acara yang sebenarnya. Hal ini dilakukan agar jika operasi terkotak terkena koperasi melaksanakan serangan itu hanya dapat mengklaim bahwa mereka adalah bagian dari pelacakan dan penyisiran bom.] Alex Jones ( http://www.infowars.com/ )

Proves this "drill" was happening before, during & after the race. They do NOT want this out that there was drill today. UM Coach: Bomb Sniffing Dogs Were at Start, Finish Lines for “Drill” http://bit.ly/10YxrBK

[Editor's Note: Just as with the Madrid bombing and 7/7 bombings in London and countless others, a drill coincides with the real event. This is done so that if the compartmentalized operation is exposed the operatives executing the attack can simply claim they were part of the drill.]

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Video aftermath http://youtu.be/MrNMhQ4Rx08

At least two people have been killed and over two dozens injured after two explosions hit at the finish line of the Boston Marathon. 23,326 runners started Boston Marathon, 17,584 finished before it was cancelled at 2:57p.m.

20:00 GMT: 2 dead, 22 injured after explosions near Boston Marathon finish line - police

20:13 GMT: An intelligence official working on the scene told the Associated Press that two additional explosive devices were found near the site, and are being dismantled by a bomb squad.

20:20 GMT: FAA imposes partial no-fly zone following Boston marathon explosions.

20:35 GMT: Police are now getting reports of multiple other unexploded devices around Boston.

20:41 GMT: Police have confirmed a third explosion in Boston. This time at the JFK Library, there yet have been no reports of dead or injured.

20:49 GMT: An amateur video showing the moment of the second blast: http://youtu.be/7jMYObtjToU

20:50 GMT: At least six of the 28 injured are in critical condition, hospital officials say.

20:51 GMT: Boston police commissioner urges people to stay indoors, not congregate in large groups.

20:55 GMT: "We are not certain that these incidents are related, but we are treating them as if they are," Boston Police Commissioner Ed Davis told a news conference.

21:00 GMT: Some media have reported that a suspect is in custody at a Boston hospital, though the claim has not been officially confirmed. A source told the New York Post that a 20-year-old Saudi Arabian national was under guard at the hospital, though it was not made clear whether or not he was injured.

21:04 GMT: Time reporter Andrew Katz reports via Twitter that "another device" has been discovered in front of the luxurious Mandarin Hotel in Boston. The information comes from a police scanner.

21:19 GMT: The number of injured rises to at least 100 people, the Boston Globe reported on Twitter.

21:10: Cellphone service is reportedly down in Boston.

21:25 GMT: Police have asked people in immediate area of explosion to refrain from using mobile phones.

21:31 GMT: Boston police denied a claim by the New York Post that a 20-year-old Saudi Arabian national was in custody as a suspect in the blasts.

21:44 GMT: FBI Director Bob Mueller and Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano have briefed US President Barack Obama about the ongoing investigation of twin explosions that hit the Boston Marathon on Monday.

21:51 GMT: US President Barack Obama is scheduled to address the nation at 6:10 p.m. EST

21: 56 GMT: Boston police report the supposed explosion at JFK Library was a fire. It has not been linked to the explosions at the Boston Marathon.

21: 59 GMT: Police Commissioner denies any arrests have been made but "multiple people" are being investigated. There is a "heavy police presence" at every hospital in the city.

22:05 GMT: FBI identifies the explosions at the Boston Marathon as terrorist attack.

22:35 GMT: White House officials say the investigation will have to determine whether the Boston bombings were carried out by a terrorist group, foreign or domestic, Reuters reports.

http://id.berita.yahoo.com/foto/ledakan-di-boston-marathon-makan-korban-tewas-slideshow/

CIA admits undercover officer lived in New Orleans

November 11, 2013 jeffmorley Assassination, News 29 comments

George Joannides, chief of CIA covert operations in Miami in 1963, also had a residence in New Orleans, according to the CIA.

In a court motion filed last week, the CIA acknowledged for the first time that deceased CIA officer George Joannides lived in New Orleans while handling contacts with an anti-Castro student organization whose members had a series of encounters with accused presidential assassin Lee Oswald in August 1963.
The unexpected admission came in arguments before a federal court judge about whether the CIA is obliged to pay $295,000 in legal fees incurred during my Freedom of Information Act lawsuit concerning certain 50-year-old JFK assassination records.
In a previous court filing, my attorney Jim Lesar argued that two documents released over CIA objections in 2008 were significant because they showed that Joannides’s espionage assignment took him to New Orleans where Oswald lived.

In a 38-page response U.S. Attorney Ron Machen disputed the claim that Joannides had traveled to New Orleans in the spring of 1964 at the time Warren Commission was investigating Oswald’s contacts with anti-Castro Cubans.
Machen said the documents showed only that Joannides had maintained a residence in New Orleans.

U.S Attorney Ron Machen.

“New Orleans is clearly listed as Joannides’ place of residence when on home leave, and the form does not put him in New Orleans on the dates cited by Plaintiff,” Machen stated.
Joannides and his family lived in Miami from 1962-64, according to CIA records and interviews with former colleagues. Joannides’s residence on 65th Avenue in Southwest Miami was listed in the 1963 Miami phone book.
Machen’s filing did not disclose why Joannides maintained a second residence in New Orleans.
Whatever the date of Joannides’s travel to New Orleans, Machen’s motion confirms that Joannides lived in the Crescent City at same time, or shortly after, the anti-Castro student group under his control had contact with Kennedy’s accused killer.
The admission is significant because Joannides’s financial support for Oswald’s antagonists among the anti-Castro exiles was not disclosed to the Warren Commission. Former commission staffer Burt Griffin, now a judge in Ohio, recently told AP reporter David Porter that the CIA’s failure to disclose Joannides’s actions in 1963 was an act of “bad faith.”
Joannides, who died in 1990, was never questioned by JFK investigators about contacts between the anti-Castro students he supported and Kennedy’s accused killer.

The CIA in New Orleans

Joannides is one of the most significant new characters to emerge in the always controversial story of JFK’s assassination.
The New York Times, the Washington Post, and the Associated Press have all reported in recent years on the unusual secrecy around his role in the events of 1963.
As an undercover CIA officer living in New Orleans, Joannides was well positioned to report on Oswald’s actions in late 1963.
Using the alias “Howard,” Joannides served as case officer for the Cuban Student Directorate (DRE), the anti-Castro organizations funded by the agency that publicized Oswald’s pro-Castro ways both before and after JFK was killed. He also served as chief of the psychological warfare operations branch of the CIA’s Miami station, according to declassified CIA records.
The CIA had an office in New Orleans where Oswald, an itinerant ex-Marine married to a Russian woman, lived from April to September 1963.

Lee Oswald came to the attention of CIA-funded anti-Castro exiles in New Orleans in the summer of 1963.

In August 1963, Oswald had a series of encounters with members of the New Orleans chapter of the Cuban Student Directorate who challenged his public support of Cuban president Fidel Castro.
The Cuban students publicized and denounced Oswald’s pro-Castro activities on a local radio program.
They sent one member, described as an “intelligence officer,” to visit Oswald’s house posing as a Castro supporter, to learn more about him.

The group issued a press release on August 21, 1963, calling for a congressional investigation of Oswald, who had not shot anyone at that point.
At the time, the CIA, via Joannides, supplied the Cuban students in Miami with $51,000 a month, according to CIA memo found in the JFK Library in Boston. The group’s activities involved “propaganda, political action and intelligence collection,” according to Joannides’s fitness evaluation from the summer of 1963.
When it came to Oswald, the DRE delivered what the CIA paid for.

The first JFK conspiracy theory, published with CIA support, on Nov. 23, 1963.

Within an hour of Oswald’s arrest for killing JFK on November 22, 1963, DRE leaders in Miami called reporters to say the president had been killed by a communist. The group’s information about Oswald helped generate headlines nationwide about “the pro-Castro gunman.”
The day after the assassination, the DRE published a broadsheet featuring the photos of Oswald and Castro under the headline “The Presumed Assassins.”
It was one of the first JFK conspiracy scenarios to reach public print. According to former members of the DRE, the group was wholly dependent on CIA funds provided by Joannides at the time.
‘Attenuated connection’
My Freedom of Information Act lawsuit, filed in 2003, sought records that would show what Joannides knew about the contacts between the DRE and Oswald, as well as what he reported to his superiors.
In ten years of litigation, CIA officials have stated repeatedly said they will “neither confirm nor deny” the existence of records related to Joannides’s participation in any specific covert project, operation or assignment in the summer of 1963.
The phrase, “neither confirm nor deny,” is a standard CIA response to inquiries about covert operations.
In the Nov. 7 court filing, Machen stated:
“While it is true that Joannides was a CIA officer and liaison to DRE, an anti-Castro group that had a couple (sic) of encounters with Oswald, this doesn’t implicate either Joannides or DRE in the assassination. Even then, the records cited for support by Plaintiff do not pertain to this attenuated connection, and those that do have already been publicly released in the JFK Act collection.”
Machen’s sworn statement erred in saying members of the group had “a couple of encounters” with Oswald.
In fact, the Warren Commission report found that DRE members came in personal contact with Oswald on five different occasions in August 1963.

Retired CIA officer George Joannides (left) received the Career Intelligence Medal from deputy CIA director Bobby Ray Inman on July 15, 1981. (Photo credit: CIA)

A medal for his service
In the Nov. 7 filing, Machen also disputed the significance of CIA records, released under appellate court order in 2008, that revealed Joannides had received a CIA medal.
In a previous filing, I argued that the previously unknown honor reflected official approval of Joannides’s actions in 1963 and in 1978, when he served as the CIA’s liaison to congressional investigators looking into Kennedy’s murder.
The CIA rejected that claim, saying that the declassified citation of the medal “does not address any specific assignment, rather it speaks in terms of 28 years of [Joannides's] cumulative service ‘in diverse assignments of increasing responsibility at Headquarters, the domestic field and overseas.”
The specific reasons why Joannides was honored remain secret, even 50 years after the fact. The CIA has asserted in previous federal court filings that a five-page 1981 memo to Joannides’s superiors about the medal cannot be made public — for reasons of “national security.”
———-
For more information, see:
”5 Decades Later Some JFK FIles Still Sealed” (Associated Press, Aug. 18. 2013)
“Justice Dept. denies CIA officer was honored for coverup” (JFK Facts,Dec. 17, 2012)
“Court uphold public benefit of disclosure about CIA officer in JFK story” (JFK Facts, June 19, 2013)
“CIA Still Cagey About Oswald Mystery” (New York Times, October 17, 2009)
“Morley v. CIA: Why I sued the CIA for JFK assassination records” (JFK Facts, Feb. 23, 2013)
———-
Help JFK Facts bring the truth about the JFK story to the Internet and social media
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JFK and 9/11: The Common Threads

December 2nd, 2013

http://www.thepeoplesvoice.org/TPV3/Voices.php/2013/12/02/jfk-and-9-11-the-common-threads

Robert Bonomo

Criminals leave signatures. There is consistency in their motives, methods, alibis and techniques. A detective from the Spanish National Police said that investigators knew within minutes of reaching the mangled remains of commuter trains in Madrid where almost 200 commuters were killed that the Basque terrorist group ETA had not carried out the attack- a fact which was concealed by the Spanish government for several days in a vain attempt to save an election. The investigators immediately saw that the signature was wrong; it just didn't smell right.
President Kennedy was murdered on November 22, 1963 and less than two years later American Marines entered South Vietnam beginning the US intervention that would end ten years later with the fall of Saigon and millions dead. Less than two years after the September 11th attacks in New York and Washington, the United States began the Iraq War, which would end eight years later with the withdrawal of the coalition forces, leaving Iraq destabilized and clearly within the sphere of Iranian influence.
Apart from the similar aftermaths, both events have common elements both in their buildup and execution as well their social ramifications.

Precision Beyond the Apparent Capacity of the Perpetrators

The Warren Commission argues that Oswald fired on the President’s motorcade from a distance of about 80 meters, getting off three shots in 8.3 seconds with an Italian bolt action rifle made in 1940 which he bought for $19.95. On behalf of the Warren Commission, Army rifleman were not able to reproduce Oswald’s feat and Italian tests on the rifle determined it would have been impossible to get the shots off in such a short time span.
The Marine Corp rates shooting ability on the following scale:
Expert: a score of 220 to 250.
Sharpshooter: 210 to 219.
Marksman: 190 to 209.
Oswald was last rated in 1959 and scored 191, barely reaching the lowest level of marksmanship. Marine Colonel Allison Folsom interpreted the results by explaining that Oswald “was not a particularly outstanding shot”. If Oswald did in fact fire all the shots, it was a highly unlikely, even extraordinary feat.
Hani Hanjour was considered a terrible pilot and neither he nor the other two pilots who successfully guided their jets into buildings on that day had ever flown a jet before. According to 9/11 Commission Report, “To our knowledge none of them [the hijackers] had ever flown an actual airliner before.” Yet they were able to commandeer the aircraft, and on their first time ever in the cockpit of an actual jetliner, navigate towards their destinations, maneuver the planes under extreme conditions in terms of velocity and altitude before guiding the airliners perfectly into their targets.
One of the air traffic controllers from Dulles said the following when describing Hani Hanjour’s maneuver which brought American Airlines flight 77 into the Pentagon, “The speed, the maneuverability, the way that he turned, we all thought in the radar room, all of us experienced air traffic controllers, that that was a military plane. You don’t fly a 757 in that manner. It’s unsafe.”
CBS News described Hanjour’s maneuver this way:
“...flying at more than 400 mph, was too fast and too high when it neared the Pentagon at 9:35. The hijacker-pilots were then forced to execute a difficult high-speed descending turn. Radar shows Flight 77 did a downward spiral, turning almost a complete circle and dropping the last 7,000 feet in two-and-a-half minutes. The steep turn was so smooth, the sources say, it’s clear there was no fight for control going on. And the complex maneuver suggests the hijackers had better flying skills than many investigators first believed. The jetliner disappeared from radar at 9:37 and less than a minute later it clipped the tops of street lights and plowed into the Pentagon at 460 mph.”
And retired Navy pilot, Ted Muga, explained it this way:
"The maneuver at the Pentagon was just a tight spiral coming down out of 7,000 feet. And a commercial aircraft, while they can in fact structurally somewhat handle that maneuver, they are very, very, very difficult. And it would take considerable training. In other words, commercial aircraft are designed for a particular purpose and that is for comfort and for passengers and it's not for military maneuvers. And while they are structurally capable of doing them, it takes some very, very talented pilots to do that... to think that you're going to get an amateur up into the cockpit and fly, much less navigate, it to a designated target, the probability is so low, that it's bordering on impossible."
Yet Hani Hanjour, one month before the attacks, was not allowed to fly a Cessna alone after a test flight with instructors. As reported by NewsDay, his instructors stated that “they found he had trouble controlling and landing the single-engine Cessna 172.”
Oswald could have hit the President in the upper body on two out of three shots fired within 8.3 seconds, and Hani Hanjour could have made an exceptional maneuver moments before his death the first time he ever flew an airliner, but it takes a leap of faith to believe amateurs actually carried out these actions with such professional precision. More importantly, it casts enough doubt on the official version of events for a reasonable person to have reasonable doubts about the accepted view of what happened on those fateful days.

Immediate Identification of the Villains

Lee Harvey Oswald was apprehended seventy minutes after the assassination when his supervisor at The Texas School Book Depository alerted the police that he had gone missing. By that evening he had been charged with killing police officer J.D. Tippit and assassinating the President. Oswald’s troubled and short life would end two days later when he was killed by Jack Ruby, a man with significant ties to organized crime. This terrible murder with many potential culprits was solved in 90 minutes and justice was served in two days. Oswald is a true enigma, so complex a figure, so multi-layered that it's almost impossible to separate the real from the surreal, the man from the hologram.
Two days after the 9/11 attacks Colin Powell identified Bin Laden as the key suspect in the attacks and the following day the FBI released the names of the hijackers. Apparently, there was no need for an investigation, evidence or witnesses to tie Bin Laden to the crime.
The two most horrendous, violent, and nebulous events in American history are officially solved within hours, yet years later they continue to confound.

Silenced Suspects who are Never Tried

The institutions of government so clearly saw the truth that neither perpetrator was ever tried. For a society based on rule of law, it’s ironic that Americas’s two greatest crimes were resolved by politically appointed commissions and not courts of law.
Bin Laden released three tapes in the days and weeks after the 9/11 attacks, in the first of which he denied responsibility for the attacks of 9/11 and in the subsequent two he took no responsibility for them. Then, on November 9, 2001, American forces found a tape in a house in Afghanistan. In the video tape Osama Bin Laden supposedly takes responsibility for the attacks though many have argued about the translation. Finally, on October 29th, just days before the 2004 US Presidential elections al Jazeera broadcast a tape of Bin Laden explaining to the American people why he had made the attacks. The extremely fortunate timing and discovery of the self contradicting Bin Laden tapes has created much doubt and confusion.

What would Oswald have said if he had taken the stand? Which Bin Laden would have appeared in court, the one who claimed innocence or the one who explained how he came up with the ideas of taking down the World Trade Center? We will never know.
On May 2, 2011 American commandos captured Bin Laden and assassinated him. Leon Panetta, CIA Director at the time, explained that capturing him alive was not considered, “we always assumed from the beginning that the likelihood was that he was going to be killed.” From details of the raid it seems clear that Bin Laden was not armed when he was located. So why wasn't he captured, brought to the United States and tried publicly for the crime he was accused of committing?
The American people were deprived of the opportunity to test the case the government had formed within days of the attack, a case whose consequences were two wars and hundreds of thousands killed.

Anomalies

The Magic Bullet - "According to the single-bullet theory, a three-centimeter (1.2″)-long copper-jacketed lead-core 6.5-millimeter rifle bullet fired from the sixth floor of the Texas School Book Depository passed through President Kennedy’s neck and Governor Connally’s chest and wrist and embedded itself in the Governor’s thigh. If so, this bullet traversed 15 layers of clothing, 7 layers of skin, and approximately 15 inches of tissue, struck a necktie knot, removed 4 inches of rib, and shattered a radius bone. The bullet was found on a gurney in the corridor at the Parkland Memorial Hospital, in Dallas, after the assassination." From Wikipedia
In October of 1963 someone claiming to be Lee Harvey Oswald called and went to the Soviet and Cuban embassies in Mexico City asking for a visa. The problem was, it wasn't the same Lee Harvey Oswald who was captured in Dallas. Less than 24 hours after having supposedly killed the President, Lyndon Johnson had this conversation with J Edgar Hoover:
LBJ: Have you established any more about the visit to the Soviet embassy in Mexico in September?
Hoover: No, that’s one angle that’s very confusing, for this reason—we have up here the tape and the photograph of the man who was at the Soviet embassy, using Oswald’s name. That picture and the tape do not correspond to this man’s voice, nor to his appearance. In other words, it appears that there is a second person who was at the Soviet embassy down there.
And then there is this FBI report:
“The Central Intelligence Agency advised that on October 1, 1963, an extremely sensitive source had reported that an individual identified himself as Lee Oswald, who contacted the Soviet Embassy in Mexico City inquiring as to any messages. Special Agents of this Bureau, who have conversed with Oswald in Dallas, Texas, have observed photographs of the individual referred to above and have listened to his voice. These Special Agents are of the opinion that the above-referred-to-individual was not Lee Harvey Oswald…..”
The “extremely sensitive” source was the CIA itself as they were filming the visitors and tapping the phones of the two embassies Oswald visited. Why would the CIA want to make it appear that Oswald was colluding with the enemy a month before he kills the President?

Oswald, who had top secret clearance working for the CIA on U2 flights, defects to the Soviet Union, announces to US Embassy that he is renouncing his citizenship and going to reveal U2 secrets to the Soviets but later decides to leave the Soviet Union and is welcomed with open arms and even given a loan to come back to the US. Why wasn't he tried as a traitor? He then moves to Texas where he is surrounded by people with connections to the FBI and the CIA.

The incredible way Building 7 collapsed on 9/11, at almost free fall speed and very similar to the way buildings collapse in controlled demolition caused many to question the official version of events. Building 7 wasn't hit by a plane and the BBC even reported it had collapsed twenty minutes before it actually did. The lack of film footage of the attack on the Pentagon, which one can assume has extensive video surveillance, was also very surprising.

These are only a few of the many quagmires embedded in these two crimes. None of this proves a conspiracy, but it does make it reasonable for a person to doubt the official version of events.

The Taboo of not Believing

Due to the many inconsistencies and oddities in the Warren Commission, more and more Americans in the late 1960’s began doubting the ‘lone shooter’ thesis it described. This worried the CIA which created a “dispatch”, numbered 1035-960 in order to counteract the growing skepticism and marginalize those who questioned the official story. As Kevin R. Ryan explains:
“This cultural phenomenon goes back to 1967. At that time, in response to questions about the Warren Commission Report (which President Ford helped create), the CIA issued a memorandum calling for mainstream media sources to begin countering “conspiracy theorists.” In the 45 years before the CIA memo came out, the phrase “conspiracy theory” appeared in the Washington Post and New York Times only 50 times, or about once per year. In the 45 years after the CIA memo, the phrase appeared 2,630 times, or about once per week.”
As a consequence, those that spoke out against the Warren Commission’s conclusions were tainted with the derogatory term of ‘conspiracy theorist’ which implied they lacked the psychological and intellectual capacity to understand a complex world. It became more mature, patriotic and coherent to assume that a momentous crime with cataclysmic consequences was only within the purview of a lone nut. If a journalist or academic suggested that the CIA had played a role in the assassination then they were considered outside the mainstream in spite of the fact that the CIA had a hand in the overthrows of: Trujillo in the Dominican Republic, Mossadegh in Iran, Lumumba in the Congo, Jacob Arbenz in Guatemala, Joao Goulart in Brazil, and Sukarno in Indonesia. It was deemed socially and intellectually unsound to believe that such an organization would ever use its skills at home in order to move forward its agenda.

Following the 9/11 attacks the meme repeated itself with an Orwellian flavor by calling those who doubted The 9/11 Commission Report ‘Truthers’. No major American newspaper has an editorial writer that questions the official version of events on 9/11. It’s a taboo topic that if breached, pushes one beyond the pale and into the margins of public rhetoric.

Why was it so absurd to think that the CIA, which had been running Operation Mockingbird to manipulate the press in the United States from the 1950’s through the 1970’s and which, through its Project MKUltra, had tried to create ‘Manchurian Candidates’ wouldn't also stoop to violence against the American people to achieve it’s goals?

It’s perfectly acceptable in the mainstream to deny the existence of evolution, yet it's grounds for expulsion from major media if one doubts the official version of how Building 7 collapsed or if one implies that the CIA may have had a hand in the Kennedy assassination.

Kennedy himself spoke to the need for a free press to push the limits, but that same press ignored his words when they were confronted with the complexities of his death.
"Without debate, without criticism, no Administration and no country can succeed and no republic can survive. That is why the Athenian lawmaker Solon decreed it a crime for any citizen to shrink from controversy. And that is why our press was protected by the First Amendment-- the only business in America specifically protected by the Constitution--not primarily to amuse and entertain, not to emphasize the trivial and the sentimental, not to simply "give the public what it wants"--but to inform, to arouse, to reflect, to state our dangers and our opportunities, to indicate our crises and our choices, to lead, mold, educate and sometimes even anger public opinion.”

Lost and Senseless Wars: Cui Bono?

In the days previous to the Bay of Pigs fiasco the CIA knew that Castro had information regarding the invasion but they withheld it from Kennedy in the hopes that he would bow to their pressure to intervene-he didn't acquiesce. In the aftermath Kennedy fired CIA Director Allen Dulles saying, "I want to splinter the CIA into a thousand pieces and scatter it to the winds." Dulles would later become a member of the Warren Commission which would consecrate the official narrative of the ‘lone gunman’ Oswald.

During the Cuban missile crisis the generals clamored for war, pushing their Commander and Chief to invade the island. Curtis Lemay, Chief of Staff of the Air Force, argued vehemently with the President:
"This is almost as bad as the appeasement at Munich…We don't have any choice but direct military action. I see no other solution. This blockade and political action I see leading to war."

As James Douglass eloquently argues in his book, JFK and the Unspeakable, Kennedy changed during his time in the White House from a hawk to man determined to establish peace and end the Cold War. He had begun communicating with Khrushchev through back-channels and had sent feelers out to do the same with Castro. He became increasingly pessimistic about Vietnam and on Oct. 11, 1963 he signed directive NSAM-263 which called for the immediate withdrawal of 1,000 advisers from Vietnam and the removal of the remaining 15,000 by the end of 1965. Four days after his death, his successor Lyndon Johnson, signed directive NSAM 273 which overturned Kennedy’s directive and increased military involvement in Vietnam.

As Kennedy lost faith in his generals and the CIA, he moved away from military solutions and this evolution culminated in his American University speech where he laid out his plans for peaceful coexistence with the communist world- heresy to the military and the CIA.

"What kind of peace do I mean and what kind of a peace do we seek? Not a Pax Americana enforced on the world by American weapons of war. Not the peace of the grave or the security of the slave. I am talking about genuine peace, the kind of peace that makes life on earth worth living, and the kind that enables men and nations to grow, and to hope, and build a better life for their children—not merely peace for Americans but peace for all men and women, not merely peace in our time but peace in all time."

Kennedy was killed and the generals got their war. They used the domino theory to justify it, arguing that if Vietnam fell to the communists, the rest of South East Asia would also fall, threatening American security. Vietnam fell in 1975 to the communists after millions were killed, their domino theory long discredited.

In the 1990’s the Neo-Cons pushed for the invasion of Iraq. In 2003, in the aftermath of 9/11, they also got their war. They had their own version of the domino theory as they argued that if Saddam Hussein was ousted, the Iraqi Shiites would rise up, creating a vibrant democracy that would empower the Iranian and Syrian youth to overthrow their respective regimes. Instead Iran wound up controlling Iraq and Assad remains in power in Syria. Another theory was laid to waste over the corpses of hundreds of thousands.

Conclusion

The late 1950’s and late 1990’s had much in common. America experienced prosperity, peace, wealth, the admiration of the world and clear military superiority over all nations. They were by far the ‘best of times’ of the postwar period, guided by two-term presidents who were blessed with such immense economic growth that their most important role was to keep their hands off the controls and let peace and prosperity bloom. Both periods ended abruptly, violently, and were followed by long, ill conceived wars, the expansion of the security state, internal strife, extreme partisanship, ballooning debt and an inflated and overextended military.
The only beneficiaries of these two violent turns were the military industrial complex. In light of much of the transcripts and documents released from the Kennedy era, it’s clear that JFK was on a path of peace, not only in Vietnam, but with the Soviet Union and Cuba. Similarly, it was hard to imagine in the year 2000 that the US would entangle itself in two new wars lasting almost a decade, forgetting all the terrible lessons of Vietnam and once again descending into the hell of violence. It was as if some dark hand swooped down in a malevolent fury, angry at the peace and prosperity the nation was enjoying.

No matter who committed these heinous crimes, what is clear is that their aftermaths were cataclysmic for the nation and the dissent of those seeing more than a lone gunman or a band of religious fanatics operating out of caves was met with fierce resistance and marginalization. Why was this dissent shunned with such opprobrium? Could it be that those who ventured beyond the strict confines of mainstream ideas might see the obvious and shout it out from the rooftops?

The most disturbing common thread in the aftermath of these two crimes was the reticence to thoroughly and openly investigate them. Both crimes were ‘solved’ within hours, the basic outline of events decided on in days and etched in stone, never to be disturbed. Even to mention a doubt as to the perpetrators was to question the very essence of the nation because it seemed clear that to disbelieve the guilt of Oswald or Bin Laden had one very dangerous consequence- the implosion of the modern myth upholding the entire state apparatus.

It’s hard not to make the comparison with a family ravaged by an abusive father, avoiding the obvious in a desperate attempt to maintain its existence as a unit.
The mystic Thomas Merton called it the ‘unspeakable’ and described it with sublime understanding in his 1965 essay:

“Those who are at present so eager to be reconciled with the world at any price must take care not to be reconciled with it under this particular aspect: as the nest of The Unspeakable. This is what too few are willing to see….
“You are not big enough to accuse the whole age effectively, but let us say you are in dissent. You are in no position to issue commands, but you can speak words of hope. Shall this be the substance of your message? Be human in this most inhuman of ages; guard the image of man for it is the image of God. You agree? Good. Then go with my blessing. But I warn you, do not expect to make many friends. As for the Unspeakable—his implacable presence will not be disturbed by a little fellow like you!”

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http://www.thecactusland.com/2013/11/jfk-and-911-common-thread.html
Robert Bonomo is a blogger, novelist and esotericist. Download his latest novel, Your Love Incomplete, for free here.

Posted: 2:13 p.m. Monday, Nov. 18, 2013

JFK assassination: Niece questions lone gunman theory

Jackie Kennedy's blood-stained outfit hidden away until 2103 > More

Former Maryland Lt. Governor Kathleen Kennedy Townsend photo

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JFK assassination: Niece questions lone gunman theory

By Nathan Giannini

Courtesy of Newsy.com

Friday will mark the 50th anniversary of President John F. Kennedy’s assassination and there are still unanswered questions about what happened on that day.

The president’s niece, former Maryland Lt. Governor Kathleen Kennedy Townsend, appeared on Fox News Sunday and questioned whether her uncle’s killer acted alone.

“Do you believe that Lee Harvey Oswald was the lone assassin?”
“I don’t know. I don’t know. I think ... I don’t know. ... I'm not going to solve that problem. And so what I'm going to do is focus on things that I can do.”

Former U.S. Marine Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested in Dallas — accused of shooting President Kennedy and Texas Gov. John Connally.

Oswald was shot and killed two days later by Jack Ruby while being transported to county jail.

In 1964, the Warren Commission concluded Oswald had acted alone in the shooting. But Townsend is not alone in questioning the official line.

Last week, in an interview on NBC’s “Meet the Press,” Secretary of State John Kerry said he had “serious doubts” Oswald had acted alone. He has since refused to elaborate.

A recent Gallup poll also found that 61 percent of Americans believed multiple people were involved in President Kennedy’s death. Still, that number is at its lowest since 1966, three years after the assassination.
- See more at Newsy.com

Jack Ruby

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For the Jamaican record producer, see Jack Ruby (record producer).

Jack Ruby

Born	Jacob Leon Rubenstein March 25, 1911 Chicago, Illinois, United States
Died	January 3, 1967 (aged 55) Dallas, Texas, United States
Cause of death	Pulmonary embolism
Resting place	Westlawn Cemetery
Occupation	Nightclub operator
Criminal charge	Murder of Lee Harvey Oswald
Criminal penalty	Death (overturned)
Parents	Joseph Rubenstein Fannie Turek Rutkowski

Jack Leon Ruby (born Jacob Leon Rubenstein; March 25, 1911^[1] – January 3, 1967) was a nightclub operator in Dallas, Texas. Ruby was originally from Chicago, Illinois; he moved to Dallas in 1947. On November 24, 1963, Ruby shot and killed Lee Harvey Oswald, the man who assassinated President John F. Kennedy. A Dallas jury found Ruby guilty of murdering Oswald, and Ruby was sentenced to death. Later, Ruby appealed his conviction and death sentence and was granted a new trial. As the date for his new trial was being set,^[2] Ruby became ill and died of a pulmonary embolism due to lung cancer.
Some contend Ruby was involved with major figures in organized crime, and conspiracy theorists widely assert that Ruby killed Oswald as part of an overall plot surrounding the assassination of President Kennedy. Others have disputed this, arguing that Ruby's connection with gangsters was minimal at most, or circumstantial, and also that Ruby was not the sort to be entrusted with such an act within a high-level conspiracy.^[3]

Childhood and early life

Jack Ruby was born Jacob Leon Rubenstein^[4] to Joseph Rubenstein (1871–1958) and Fannie Turek Rutkowski (or Rokowsky), both Polish-born, Orthodox Jews, in Chicago, on March 25, 1911.
The fifth of his parents' eight surviving children, growing up in the Maxwell Street area of Chicago, Ruby had a troubled childhood and adolescence, marked by juvenile delinquency and time spent in foster homes. On June 6, 1922, aged 11, he was arrested for truancy. Ruby eventually skipped school enough times that he spent time at the Institute of Juvenile Research. Young Ruby sold horse-racing tip sheets and various other novelties, then acted as business agent for a local refuse collectors union that later became part of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters.^[5]
In the 1940s, Ruby frequented race tracks in Illinois and California. He was drafted in 1943 and served in the Army Air Forces during World War II, working as an aircraft mechanic at bases in the US until 1946. He had an honorable record and was promoted to Private First Class. Upon discharge, on February 21, 1946, Ruby returned to Chicago.
In 1947, Ruby moved to Dallas where he and his brothers soon afterward shortened their surnames from Rubenstein to Ruby. The stated reason for changing the family name was that he and his brothers had opened up a mail order business and feared that some customers would refuse to do business with Jews. Ruby later went on to manage various nightclubs, strip clubs, and dance halls. Among the strippers Ruby befriended was Candy Barr.
Ruby developed close ties to many Dallas police officers who frequented his nightclubs, where he showered them with large quantities of liquor and other favors.^[6] In 1959, Ruby went to Cuba ostensibly to visit a friend, influential Dallas gambler Lewis McWillie, an associate of Mafia boss Santo Trafficante. Ruby may have met directly with Trafficante on those visits according to the testimony of British journalist John Wilson-Hudson who was imprisoned in Cuba at the time.^[7] (Trafficante operated major casinos in Cuba and was briefly imprisoned after Fidel Castro came to power).^[8]
Ruby never married.^[9]

Associations with organized crime and gunrunning allegations

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In 1964, the Warren Commission provided a detailed biography of Ruby's life and activities to help ascertain whether he was involved in a conspiracy to assassinate Kennedy.^[10] The Commission indicated that there was not a "significant link between Ruby and organized crime"^[11] and said he acted independently in killing Oswald.^[12] Fifteen years later, the House Select Committee on Assassinations undertook a similar investigation of Ruby and said that he "had a significant number of associations and direct and indirect contacts with underworld figures" and "the Dallas criminal element" but that he was not a "member" of organized crime.^[13]
Ruby was known to have been acquainted with both the police and the Mafia. The HSCA said that Ruby had known Chicago mobster Sam Giancana (1908-1975) and Joseph Campisi (1918–1990) since 1947, and had been seen with them on many occasions.^[14] After an investigation of Joe Campisi, the HSCA found:

While Campisi's technical characterization in federal law enforcement records as an organized crime member has ranged from definite to suspected to negative, it is clear that he was an associate or friend of many Dallas-based organized crime members, particularly Joseph Civello, during the time he was the head of the Dallas organization. There was no indication that Campisi had engaged in any specific organized crime-related activities.^[15]

Similarly, a PBS Frontline investigation into the connections between Ruby and Dallas organized crime figures reported the following:

In 1963, Sam and Joe Campisi were leading figures in the Dallas underworld. Jack knew the Campisis and had been seen with them on many occasions. The Campisis were lieutenants of Carlos Marcello, the Mafia boss who had reportedly talked of killing the President.^[16]

A day before Kennedy was assassinated, Ruby went to Joe Campisi's restaurant.^[17] At the time of the Kennedy assassination, Ruby was close enough to the Campisis to ask them to come see him after he was arrested for shooting Lee Oswald.^[18]
Howard P. Willens — the third highest official in the Department of Justice^[19] and assistant counsel to J. Lee Rankin — helped organize the Warren Commission. Willens also outlined the Commission's investigative priorities^[20] and terminated an investigation of Ruby's Cuban related activities.^[21] An FBI report states that Willens's father had been Tony Accardo's next door neighbor going back to 1958.^[22] In 1946, Tony Accardo allegedly asked Jack Ruby to go to Texas with Mafia associates Pat Manno and Romie Nappi to make sure that Dallas County Sheriff Steve Gutherie would acquiesce to the Mafia’s expansion into Dallas.^[23]
Four years before the assassination of President Kennedy, Ruby went to see a man named Lewis McWillie in Cuba. Ruby considered McWillie, who had previously run illegal gambling establishments in Texas, to be one of his closest friends.^[24] At the time Ruby visited him, in August 1959, McWillie was supervising gambling activities at Havana's Tropicana Club. Ruby told the Warren Commission that his August trip to Cuba was merely a social visit at the invitation of McWillie.^[24] The House Select Committee on Assassinations would later conclude that Ruby "…most likely was serving as a courier for gambling interests."^[25]^[26] The committee also found "circumstantial," but not conclusive, evidence that "…Ruby met with [Mafia boss] Santo Trafficante in Cuba sometime in 1959."^[27]
James E. Beaird, who claimed to be a poker-playing friend of Jack Ruby, told both The Dallas Morning News and the FBI that Ruby smuggled guns and ammunition from Galveston Bay, Texas to Fidel Castro's guerrillas in Cuba in the late 1950s. Beaird said that Ruby "was in it for the money. It wouldn't matter which side, just [whichever] one that would pay him the most." Beaird said that the guns were stored in a two-story house near the waterfront, and that he saw Ruby and his associates load "many boxes of new guns, including automatic rifles and handguns" on a 50-foot military-surplus boat. He claimed that "each time that the boat left with guns and ammunition, Jack Ruby was on the boat."^[28]^[29]
Blaney Mack Johnson, an FBI informant, said Ruby was involved in "arranging illegal flights of weapons from Miami" to pro-Castro forces in Cuba in the early 1950s.^[30]

Timeline

Ruby about to shoot Oswald who is being escorted by Dallas police detectives Jim Leavelle and L. C. Graves.

November 21

The Warren Commission attempted to reconstruct Ruby's movements from November 21, 1963 through November 24.^[31] The Commission reported that he was attending to his duties as the proprietor of the Carousel Club in downtown Dallas and the Vegas Club in the city's Oaklawn district from the afternoon of November 21 to the early hours of November 22.^[31]

November 22: The assassination of Kennedy

According to the Warren Commission, Ruby was in the second-floor advertising offices of the Dallas Morning News, five blocks away from the Texas School Book Depository, to place weekly advertisements for his nightclubs when he learned of the assassination of Kennedy around 12:45 pm.^[32] Ruby then placed telephone calls to his assistant at the Carousel Club and to his sister.^[33] The Commission stated that an employee of the Dallas Morning News estimated that Ruby left the newspaper's offices at 1:30 pm, but indicated other testimony suggested he may have left earlier.^[32]
White House correspondent Seth Kantor — who was a passenger in the motorcade — told the Warren Commission that he went to Parkland Hospital about an hour after President Kennedy was shot (1:30 pm). (It was at Parkland Hospital that Kennedy received medical care after the shooting.) Kantor said that as he was entering the hospital, he felt a tug on his coat. He turned around to see Jack Ruby who called him by his first name and shook his hand.^[34]^[35] (Kantor said that he had become acquainted with Ruby while he was a reporter for the Dallas Times Herald newspaper.)^[36]^[37] According to Kantor, Ruby asked him if he thought that it would be a good idea for him to close his nightclubs for the next three nights because of the tragedy and Kantor responded that he thought that doing so would be a good idea.^[35]^[38]^[39]
The Warren Commission dismissed Kantor's testimony, saying that the Parkland Hospital encounter would have had to take place in a span of a few minutes before and after 1:30 pm, as evidenced by telephone company records of calls made by Kantor and Ruby around that time. The Commission also pointed to contradictory witness testimony and to the lack of video confirmation of Ruby at the scene.^[40] The Commission concluded that "Kantor probably did not see Ruby at Parkland Hospital" and "may have been mistaken about both the time and the place that he saw Ruby".^[40]
In 1979, the House Select Committee on Assassinations reexamined Kantor's testimony and stated: "While the Warren Commission concluded that Kantor was mistaken [about his Parkland encounter with Ruby], the Committee determined he probably was not."^[41]
According to the Warren Commission, Ruby arrived back at the Carousel Club shortly before 1:45 pm to notify employees that the club would be closed that evening.^[42]
Ruby (also known as "Sparky," from his boxing nickname "Sparkling Ruby"^[43]) was seen in the halls of the Dallas Police Headquarters on several occasions after the arrest of Lee Harvey Oswald on November 22, 1963; and newsreel footage from WFAA-TV (Dallas) and NBC shows Ruby impersonating a newspaper reporter during a press conference at Dallas Police Headquarters on the night of the assassination.^[44] District Attorney Henry Wade briefed reporters at the press conference telling them that Lee Oswald was a member of the anti-Castro Free Cuba Committee. Ruby was one of several people there who spoke up to correct Wade, saying: "Henry, that's the Fair Play for Cuba Committee," a pro-Castro organization.^[45]^[46] Some speculate that Ruby may have hoped to kill Oswald that night at the police station press conference.^[47] Ruby told the FBI, a month after his arrest for killing Oswald, that he had his loaded snub-nosed Colt Cobra .38 revolver in his right-hand pocket during the press conference.^[48]^[49]

November 24: The murder of Oswald

Two days later on Sunday, November 24, after driving into town and sending a money order to one of his employees, Ruby walked to the nearby police headquarters and made his way to the basement. At 11:21 am CST — while authorities were escorting Oswald through the police basement to a private car that was to take him to the nearby county jail — Ruby stepped out from a crowd of reporters and fired his .38 revolver into Oswald's abdomen, fatally wounding him. The shooting was broadcast live nationally, and millions of television viewers witnessed it. There is some evidence that Ruby's actions were on a whim, as he left his favorite dog, Sheba, in the car before shooting Oswald.^[50]
The House Select Committee on Assassinations in its 1979 Final Report opined:

…Ruby's shooting of Oswald was not a spontaneous act, in that it involved at least some premeditation. Similarly, the committee believed it was less likely that Ruby entered the police basement without assistance, even though the assistance may have been provided with no knowledge of Ruby's intentions… The committee was troubled by the apparently unlocked doors along the stairway route and the removal of security guards from the area of the garage nearest the stairway shortly before the shooting… There is also evidence that the Dallas Police Department withheld relevant information from the Warren Commission concerning Ruby's entry to the scene of the Oswald transfer.^[51]

When Ruby was arrested immediately after the shooting, he told several witnesses that he helped the city of Dallas "redeem" itself in the eyes of the public, and that Oswald's death would spare "…Mrs. Kennedy the discomfiture of coming back to trial."^[52] At the time of the shooting Ruby said he was taking phenmetrazine, a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant.^[50]
Ruby's explanation for killing Oswald would be "exposed … as a fabricated legal ploy", according to the House Select Committee on Assassinations. In a private note to one of his attorneys, Joseph Tonahill, Ruby wrote: "Joe, you should know this. My first lawyer Tom Howard told me to say that I shot Oswald so that Caroline and Mrs. Kennedy wouldn't have to come to Dallas to testify. OK?"^[41]^[53]
Another motive was put forth by Frank Sheeran, allegedly a hitman for the Mafia, in a conversation he had with the then-former Teamsters boss Jimmy Hoffa. During the conversation, Hoffa claimed that Ruby was assigned the task of coordinating police officers who were loyal to Ruby to murder Oswald while he was in their custody. As Ruby evidently mismanaged the operation, he was given a choice to either finish the job himself or forfeit his life.^[54]
Within hours of Ruby's arrest for shooting Oswald, a telegram was received at the Dallas city jail in support of Ruby, under the names of Hal and Pauline Collins.^[55] In one of the Warren Commissions exhibits, Hal Collins is listed as a character reference by Ruby on a Texas liquor license application.^[56]

Prosecution and conviction

Alleged conspiracies

The Warren Commission found no evidence linking Ruby's killing of Oswald to be part of a broader conspiracy to assassinate Kennedy.^[12]
Following Ruby's March 1964 conviction for murder with malice, Ruby's lawyers, led by Sam Houston Clinton, appealed to the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals, the highest criminal court in Texas. Ruby's lawyers argued that he could not have received a fair trial in Dallas because of the excessive publicity surrounding the case. A year after his conviction, in March 1965, Ruby conducted a brief televised news conference in which he stated: "Everything pertaining to what's happening has never come to the surface. The world will never know the true facts of what occurred, my motives. The people who had so much to gain, and had such an ulterior motive for putting me in the position I'm in, will never let the true facts come above board to the world." When asked by a reporter, "Are these people in very high positions Jack?", he responded "Yes."
Dallas Deputy Sheriff Al Maddox claimed: "Ruby told me, he said, 'Well, they injected me for a cold.' He said it was cancer cells. That's what he told me, Ruby did. I said you don't believe that bullshit. He said, 'I damn sure do!' [Then] one day when I started to leave, Ruby shook hands with me and I could feel a piece of paper in his palm… [In this note] he said it was a conspiracy and he said … if you will keep your eyes open and your mouth shut, you're gonna learn a lot. And that was the last letter I ever got from him."^[64]^[65]
Not long before Ruby died, according to an article in the London Sunday Times, he told psychiatrist Werner Teuter that the assassination was "an act of overthrowing the government" and that he knew "who had President Kennedy killed." He added: "I am doomed. I do not want to die. But I am not insane. I was framed to kill Oswald."^[64]^[66]
Eventually, the appellate court agreed with Ruby's lawyers for a new trial, and on October 5, 1966, ruled that his motion for a change of venue before the original trial court should have been granted. Ruby's conviction and death sentence were overturned. Arrangements were underway for a new trial to be held in February 1967 in Wichita Falls, Texas, when on December 9, 1966, Ruby was admitted to Parkland Hospital in Dallas, suffering from pneumonia. A day later, doctors realized he had cancer in his liver, lungs, and brain. Three weeks later, he died.
According to an unnamed Associated Press source, Ruby made a final statement from his hospital bed on December 19 that he alone had been responsible for the murder of Lee Harvey Oswald.^[67] "There is nothing to hide… There was no one else," Ruby said.^[68]
Journalist Seth Kantor — who testified that on the day of the assassination, he encountered Ruby at Parkland Hospital — also reported that Ruby might have tampered with evidence while at Parkland.^[69] Goaded by the Warren Commission's dismissal of his testimony, Kantor researched the Ruby case for years. In a later published book Who Was Jack Ruby?, Kantor wrote:

The mob was Ruby's "friend." And Ruby could well have been paying off an IOU the day he was used to kill Lee Harvey Oswald. Remember: "I have been used for a purpose," the way Ruby expressed it to Chief Justice Warren in their June 7, 1964 session. It would not have been hard for the mob to maneuver Ruby through the ranks of a few negotiable police [to kill Oswald].^[70]

In his book, Contract on America, David Scheim presented evidence that Mafia leaders Carlos Marcello, Santo Trafficante, Jr. and Jimmy Hoffa ordered the assassination of President Kennedy. Scheim cited in particular a 25-fold increase in the number of out-of-state telephone calls from Jack Ruby to associates of these crime bosses in the months before the assassination.^[71] According to Vincent Bugliosi, both the Warren Commission and the House Select Committee on Assassinations determined all of these calls were related to Ruby seeking help from the American Guild of Variety Artists in a matter concerning two of his competitors.^[72] The House Select Committee on Assassinations report stated "...that most of Ruby's phone calls during late 1963 were related to his labor troubles. In light of the identity of some of the individuals with whom Ruby spoke, however, the possibility of other matters being discussed could not be dismissed."^[73]
In his memoir, Bound by Honor, Bill Bonanno, son of New York Mafia boss Joseph Bonanno, stated that he realized that certain Mafia families were involved in the JFK assassination when Ruby killed Oswald, since Bonanno was aware that Ruby was an associate of Chicago mobster Sam Giancana.^[74]

Criticism

In Gerald Posner's book Case Closed: Lee Harvey Oswald and the Assassination of JFK, Ruby's friends, relatives and associates stress how upset he was upon hearing of Kennedy's murder, even crying on occasion, and how he went so far as to close his money-losing clubs for three days as a mark of respect.^[75]
Dallas reporter Tony Zoppi, who knew Ruby well, claims that one "would have to be crazy" to entrust Ruby with anything as important as a high-level plot to kill Kennedy since he "couldn't keep a secret for five minutes… Jack was one of the most talkative guys you would ever meet. He'd be the worst fellow in the world to be part of a conspiracy, because he just plain talked too much."^[76] He and others describe Ruby as the sort who enjoyed being at "the center of attention", trying to make friends with people and being more of a nuisance.^[75]

Death

Ruby died of a pulmonary embolism, secondary to bronchogenic carcinoma (lung cancer), on January 3, 1967 at Parkland Hospital, where Oswald had died and where President Kennedy had been pronounced dead after his assassination. He was buried beside his parents in the Westlawn Cemetery in Norridge, Illinois.^[77]^[78]^[79]

Popular culture

Ruby's shooting of Oswald, and his behavior both before and after the Kennedy assassination, have been the topic of numerous films, TV programs, books, and songs. Articles of clothing that Ruby wore when he killed Oswald — including his suit, hat and shoes — are on display at the Historic Auto Attractions museum in Roscoe, Illinois.

Film

In Oliver Stone's 1991 film JFK, Ruby was portrayed by actor Brian Doyle-Murray. Stone's perspective on events draws heavily from conspiracy theory researchers such as Jim Marrs and L. Fletcher Prouty. At least three scenes further detailing Ruby were removed from the film and are only available on DVD. One scene expanded on the Oswald shooting by showing corrupt Dallas police officers allowing Ruby to enter police headquarters through a restricted entrance.
The 1992 film Ruby speculated on complex motivations that might have propelled Ruby into shooting Oswald. Among these were Ruby's reputation among family and friends as an assiduous, emotionally volatile publicity-seeker, and the influence of his long-time organized crime and Dallas police connections. Ruby was played by Danny Aiello.

Literature

Ruby is one of the main characters of James Ellroy's novel, The Cold Six Thousand. The plot revolves around the aftermath of the assassination of President Kennedy, and the assassinations of Senator Robert Kennedy and Martin Luther King, Jr. It speculates about government agencies like the CIA and the FBI, as well as figures like J. Edgar Hoover, and their links to Mafia and anti-Castro groups alleged to have been involved in the assassinations.
In his 1989 novel Libra, Don DeLillo portrays Ruby as being part of a larger conspiracy surrounding the President's assassination, imagining that a mob member persuades Ruby to kill Oswald.

Television

Ruby and Oswald (1978), a made-for-television movie, generally followed the official record as presented by the Warren Commission. Ruby's actions and dialogue (as well as those of the people he comes in contact with) are nearly verbatim re-enactments of testimony given to the Warren Commission by those involved, according to the opening narration. Ruby was played by Michael Lerner.

References

Jump up ^ The Warren Commission found that various dates were given in the records for Ruby's birth; the one most used by Ruby himself was March 25, 1911 (The Warren Report: Report of the President's Commission on the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy, 1964). His tombstone at Westlawn Cemetery, Chicago has April 25, 1911 as his birthdate
Jump up ^ Waldron, Martin (December 10, 1966). "Ruby Seriously Ill In Dallas Hospital". New York Times. p. 1.
Jump up ^ Posner, Gerald (1993). Case Closed. Warner Books.
Jump up ^ Bagdikian, Ben H. (December 14, 1963). "The Assassin". In Blair Jr., Clay. The Saturday Evening Post (44): 26.
Jump up ^ Summers, Anthony. Not in Your Lifetime, (New York: Marlowe & Company, 1998), p. 332. ISBN 1-56924-739-0
Jump up ^ Ruby's Friendships with Police Officers, House Select Committee on Assassinations – Appendix to Hearings, Volume 9, 5, pp. 127-130.
Jump up ^ ARRB 1995 Releases,RIF#: 104-10015-10440(11/28/63) CIA#: 201-289248
Jump up ^ Summers, Anthony (1998). Not in Your Lifetime. New York: Marlowe & Company. pp. 336–39. ISBN 1-56924-739-0.
Jump up ^ David R. Wrone. "Ruby, Jack L. (1911-3 Jan. 1967), assassin". American Council of Learned Societies. Retrieved 2010-02-03.
Jump up ^ "Appendix 16: A Biography of Jack Ruby". Report of the President's Commission on the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. 1964. p. 779.
Jump up ^ Report of the President's Commission on the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy, Appendix 16 1964, p. 801.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b "Chapter 6: Investigation of Possible Conspiracy". Report of the President's Commission on the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. 1964. pp. 373–374.
Jump up ^ "I.C. The committee believes, on the basis of the evidence available to it, that President John F. Kennedy was probably assassinated as a result of a conspiracy. The committee was unable to identify the other gunmen or the extent of the conspiracy". Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations of the U.S. House of Representatives. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. 1979. p. 148.
Jump up ^ HSCA Appendix to Hearings, vol. 9, p. 336, par. 917, Joseph Campisi. Ancestry.com, Social Security Death Index [database on-line], Provo, Utah, USA: The Generations Network, Inc., 2007. Ancestry.com, Texas Death Index, 1903-2000 [database on-line], Provo, UT, USA: The Generations Network, Inc., 2006.
Jump up ^ HSCA Appendix to Hearings, vol. 9, p. 336, par. 916, Joseph Campisi.
Jump up ^ Frontline: Who Was Lee Harvey Oswald?, 1993.
Jump up ^ HSCA Appendix to Hearings, vol. 9, p. 344, par. 919, Joseph Campisi.
Jump up ^ HSCA Appendix to Hearings, vol. 9, p. 344, Joseph Campisi.
Jump up ^ Assassination Archives and Research Center (1993). "Oswald 201 File, Vol 32". Maryferrell.org. Mary Ferrell Foundation. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
Jump up ^ John C. McAdams. "Testimony Of Howard P. Willens". Mcadams.posc.mu.edu. The John F. Kennedy Assassination Information Center. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
Jump up ^ Kantor, Seth. The Ruby Cover-Up, (New York: Zebra Books, 1980), p. 247. ISBN 0821739204
Jump up ^ Assassination Archives and Research Center (1993). "FBI Warren Commission Liaison File (62-109090)". Maryferrell.org. Mary Ferrell Foundation. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
Jump up ^ "The Lost Boys". AmericanMafia.com. 2002-04-01. Retrieved 2012-06-18.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Testimony of Jack Ruby, Warren Commission Hearings, vol. 5, p. 201.
Jump up ^ HSCA Final Assassinations Report, House Select Committee on Assassinations, p. 152.
Jump up ^ Possible Associations Between Jack Ruby and Organized Crime, House Select Committee on Assassinations - Appendix to Hearings, Volume 9, 5, p. 177.
Jump up ^ HSCA Final Assassinations Report, House Select Committee on Assassinations, pp. 152-153.
Jump up ^ Earl Golz, "Jack Ruby's Gunrunning to Castro Claimed", The Dallas Morning News, August 18, 1978.
Jump up ^ FBI document 602-982-243, June 10, 1976.
Jump up ^ Commission Exhibit No. 3063, Warren Commission Hearings, vol. 26, pp. 634-638.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Report of the President's Commission on the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy, Chapter 6 1964, p. 333.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Report of the President's Commission on the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy, Chapter 6 1964, pp. 334-335.
Jump up ^ Report of the President's Commission on the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy, Chapter 6 1964, p. 334.
Jump up ^ Testimony of Seth Kantor, Warren Commission Hearings, vol. 15, pp. 78-82.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Kantor, Seth. Who Was Jack Ruby?, (New York: Everest House Publishers, 1978), p. 41. ISBN 0-89696-004-8
Jump up ^ Testimony of Seth Kantor, Warren Commission Hearings, vol. 15, p. 72.
Jump up ^ Kantor, Seth. Who Was Jack Ruby?, (New York: Everest House Publishers, 1978), p. vi. ISBN 0-89696-004-8
Jump up ^ Kantor Exhibit No. 7 - Kantor Exhibit No. 8, Warren Commission Hearings, vol. 20, pp. 428-437.
Jump up ^ Testimony of Seth Kantor, Warren Commission Hearings, vol. 15, p. 80.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Report of the President's Commission on the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy, Chapter 6 1964, pp. 335-337.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b HSCA Final Assassinations Report, House Select Committee on Assassinations, p. 158.
Jump up ^ Report of the President's Commission on the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy, Chapter 6 1964, pp. 336-337.
Jump up ^ Hollington, Kris (2008). How To Kill. The Definitive History of the Assassin. London: Arrow Books. p. 93. ISBN 978-0-09-950246-3.
Jump up ^ Summers, Anthony. Not in Your Lifetime, (New York: Marlowe & Company, 1998), p. 349. ISBN 1-56924-739-0
Jump up ^ Testimony of Henry Wade, Warren Commission Hearings, vol. 5, p. 223.
Jump up ^ Warren Commission Hearings, vol V, p. 189 aarclibrary.org
Jump up ^ Summers, Anthony. Not in Your Lifetime, (New York: Marlowe & Company, 1998), p. 350. ISBN 1-56924-739-0
Jump up ^ FBI Notes of Conference btwn. Ruby and FBI Hall & Clements in Dallas Jail, 21 December 1963, Warren Commission Document 1252, p. 9.
Jump up ^ House Select Committee on Assassinations - Hearings, volume 5, p. 179.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Testimony of Jack Ruby 5. Washington: Government Printing Office. 1964. pp. 198–99.
Jump up ^ HSCA Final Assassinations Report, House Select Committee on Assassinations, pp. 157-158.
Jump up ^ Testimony of Jack Ruby, Warren Commission Hearings, vol. 5, pp. 198–200.
Jump up ^ "A Note from Jack Ruby", Newsweek, March 27, 1967.
Jump up ^ Brandt, Charles. I Heard You Paint Houses: Frank "The Irishman" Sheeran and the Inside Story of the Mafia, the Teamsters, and the Last Ride of Jimmy Hoffa, (New Hampshire: Steerforth Press, 2004), p. 242.
Jump up ^ Dallas Municipal Archives: John F. Kennedy/Dallas Police Department Collection
Jump up ^ Warren Commission Hearings & Exhibits, vol. 22, Commission Exhibit No. 1510.
Jump up ^ Kantor, Seth. Who Was Jack Ruby?, (New York: Everest House Publishers, 1978), p. 44. ISBN 0-89696-004-8
Jump up ^ Possible Associations Between Jack Ruby and Organized Crime, House Select Committee on Assassinations - Appendix to Hearings, Volume 9, 5, p. 183.
Jump up ^ Summers, Anthony. Not in Your Lifetime, (New York: Marlowe & Company, 1998), pp. 359-361, 226. ISBN 1-56924-739-0
Jump up ^ Douglass, James. JFK and the Unspeakable, (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2008), pp. 357-358. ISBN 978-1-4391-9388-4
Jump up ^ Testimony of Jack Ruby, Warren Commission Hearings, vol. 5, pp. 194-196.
Jump up ^ Testimony of Jack Ruby, Warren Commission Hearings, vol. 5, p. 194.
Jump up ^ Testimony of Jack Ruby, Warren Commission Hearings, vol. 5, p. 209-212.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Marrs, Jim (1989). Crossfire: The Plot that Killed Kennedy. New York: Carroll & Graf. pp. 431–432. ISBN 0-88184-648-1.
Jump up ^ Ruby's Letter From Prison on YouTube
Jump up ^ The Sunday Times, August 25, 1974.
Jump up ^ Associated Press (December 20, 1966). "Ruby Asks World to Take His Word". New York Times. p. 36.
Jump up ^ "A Last Wish". Time. December 30, 1966.
Jump up ^ Kantor, Seth. Who Was Jack Ruby?, (New York: Everest House Publishers, 1978), p. 192. ISBN 0-89696-004-8
Jump up ^ Kantor, Seth. Who Was Jack Ruby?, (New York: Everest House Publishers, 1978), p. 18. ISBN 0-89696-004-8
Jump up ^ David Scheim (1988). "Contract on America". Shapolsky Publishers. ISBN 0-933503-30-X.
Jump up ^ Bugliosi, Reclaiming History, page 1103
Jump up ^ Labor Difficulties with the American Guild of Variety Artists, Early 1960's, House Select Committee on Assassinations—Appendix to Hearings, vol. 9, 5E, p. 201.
Jump up ^ Bonanno, Bill (1999). Bound by Honor: A Mafioso's Story. New York: St Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-20388-8.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Posner 1993.
Jump up ^ Posner 1993, pp. 361, 399.
Jump up ^ "Ruby Buried in Chicago Cemetery A longside Graves of His Parents". The New York Times. November 7, 1967. p. 15.
Jump up ^ "Ruby Called 'Avenger' at Rites in Chicago". The Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. January 7, 1967. p. 4.
Jump up ^ "Ruby Services Limited to Family, Few Friends". The Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. January 5, 1967. p. 20.

External links

The Warren Commission Report, Appendix XVI: A Biography of Jack Ruby
Jack Ruby --Mobster, Intelligence Agent, or Small-time Hustler?
An article on Ruby's family background and childhood
Testimony of Earl Ruby
"Richard Nixon's Greatest Cover-Up" by Don Fulsom, Crime Magazine "Giancana's half-bother Chuck and nephew Sam claimed in their 1992 book Double Cross that the Mafia don had a long, warm, and mutually rewarding relationship with Nixon that dated back to the 1940s. '…He even helped my guy in Texas, (Jack) Ruby, get out of testifying in front of Congress back in forty-seven … By sayin' Ruby worked for him.'"
In Defense of Jack Ruby
Jack Ruby: Dallas' Original J.R.
Jack Ruby at Find a Grave

[

Assassination of John F. Kennedy

John F. Kennedy
Lee Harvey Oswald

Assassination

Aftermath

Funeral	Foreign Dignitaries

Investigations	Warren Commission Jim Garrison investigation House Select Committee on Assassinations

2 komentar:

Unknown21 November 2013 pukul 12.12
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ZA21 November 2013 pukul 20.29
thanks Debele.... I'm just a common person.. I love JFK ..due to he was so young-smart-and I think he had so energetic ..President.. Unfortunately he was shot by someones whom might be under the so organized group...and such like a conspiracy.. team.. I do not know.. but my common sense.. its impossible can be happened.. without.. a professional-team.. and might be so huge biz..or some powerful interests of the insider jobs... So sorry.. I was so feel sorrow... of the tragedy ... I believe that Mr JFK was a good President...
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