Indonesia dan Sepotong Kue
(Oleh: Herdi Yustiadi,)
Jika kita berpikir tentang karunia Allah SWT tentulah akan
takjub dan bersyukur. Bayangkan saja seekor cicak yang tidak memiliki sayap, tapi dia bisa
mendapatkan rezeki dari Penciptanya dengan mendatangkan seekor nyamuk atau serangga. Yang perlu dilakukan
oleh cicak itu padahal hanya merayap....menjemput rezekinya.
Sebagai umat Islam kita juga patut bersyukur bagaimana Allah
SWT telah memberikan kekayaan alam yang berlimpah. Di Timur Tengah dengan kekayaan
minyaknya, di Asia Tenggara dengan kekayaan alam minyak, gas alam, mineral, flora dan fauna
baik di darat maupun lautannya.
Semua kekayaan alam tersebut ada di Indonesia Raya tercinta yang
berpenduduk mayoritas muslim ini. Lalu apa yang harus kita lakukan?.... ya “merayaplah”....
jemput rezeki itu. Namun rezeki yang kita miliki itu ternyata sekaligus menjadi
ujian (fitnah) bagi kita, karena banyakbangsa-bangsa lain yang mengaku superior datang silih
berganti memperebutkan kekayaan
Nuswantara ini. Dan... Indonesia seperti layaknya sepotong
kue yang yang diperebutkan. Dahulu kita dirampok dengan orang-orang berwajah bengis dengan bedil dan
meriamnya, namun sekarang dengan orang-orang berwajah ramah dengan mass media nya.
Namun demikian sebagaimana “brutal” nya kekayaan alam kita
dikeruk dan lari ke luar negeri... ada kabar baik.... (?) negara kita masih berdiri dan masih punya
mall-mall mewah...
Sebagai pemilik harta, tentunya kita memiliki pilihan:
menyerahkan harta yang diminta atau menolak/mempertahankannya. Tentu itu suatu pilihan yang
sulit, karena penolakan itu biasanya diikuti oleh ancaman. Seperti layaknya Dajjal, mereka datang
dengan pilihan: air atau api. Namun air hakikatnya api, dan api hakikatnya air. Seolah air itu akan
memberikan kesejukan tetapi ternyata berisi ancaman neraka di dalamnya, begitu sebaliknya dengan
tawaran api yang pada hakikatnya berisi ganjaran surga dibaliknya.
Mengapa air tapi berisi api? Lihat saja tawaran-tawaran yang
mereka lakukan: kemerdakaan, kebebasan dan tatanan ekonomi, sosial dan budaya yang seolah
menyejukkan, tapi membuat kita makin lama menjauh dari fitrah kita untuk selalu ingat akan
Tuhannya dan akhirat, tempat kita berpulang nanti.
Alih-alih daripada pilihan lain (penolakan)
yang dapat menjadi musibah ancaman.... keamanan. Kok mirip preman pasar ya...? Lalu apa saja yang mereka ambil selain SDA? Ternyata
diam-diam mereka juga mengambil pola hidup Islami yang penuh keseimbangan dan keadilan. Satu
contoh diantaranya, lihat saja kasus-kasus korupsi milayaran dan trilyunan yang dilakukan oleh
sekelompok orang tertentu yang dekat dengan sumbu kekuasaan. Karena korupsi itu dianggap sebagai factor
pendorong konsumsi (to consume) lebih dan tentunya berhutang lebih.
Lalu apakah kita akan puas hidup dengan remah-remah kue yang
ada dan akhirnya kita hidup kelaparan di akhirat nanti dengan memakan buah zaqquum
karena cara hidup yang kita lakukan di dunia...? Na’uwdzubillahi min dzalik... Kita jauhkan diri
kita dan keluarga kita dari siksa api neraka.
Rally in Uranium Prices Is Unlikely to Last
Gains Fueled by Ukraine Crisis, Mine Unrest Don't Offset Oversupply
Sept. 14, 2014 4:33 p.m. ET
http://online.wsj.com/articles/rally-in-uranium-prices-is-unlikely-to-last-1410726782
SYDNEY—A multiweek rally in uranium prices fanned by the Ukraine conflict and labor unrest at a large mine in Canada looks
unlikely to continue for long as the reality of oversupply and
lackluster demand sinks in among buyers of the nuclear fuel.
Industry
analysts and some uranium producers believe that even as supplies fall,
a substantial increase in demand is needed to drive prices up to levels
that would make new investments worthwhile, when many operations are
running at a loss.
Uranium prices have surged 15% since the start of August, shaking off a multiyear glut-induced slump.
A gauge of more than 20 commodities, meanwhile, dropped more than 4%.
Uranium now trades at US$32.75 a pound, up from a nine-year low of US$28
in May.
The gain was fueled partly by speculation that Western sanctions against Russia
over its conduct in Ukraine could squeeze supplies. Russia produces
only 5% of the world's uranium but is a leading provider of enrichment
services to many Western utility companies. Prices also surged after
production was interrupted by a labor dispute at
Cameco Corp.'s
CCO.T +2.46%
McArthur River operation, the world's largest uranium mine, in Saskatchewan, Canada.
"Let's not get carried away by the little blip that's happened in the past few weeks,"
Rio Tinto's
RIO.AU -0.16%
energy chief executive,
Harry Kenyon-Slaney,
said at a recent event in Sydney. The market had been so weak for
so long that the 15% lift in prices was of little help to mining
companies, he said.
Demand for uranium ore hasn't recovered since the Fukushima Daiichi disaster.
Bloomberg News
Demand for the fuel hasn't recovered since the disaster at Japan's Fukushima Daiichi nuclear-power plant in 2011, which sparked nuclear-plant closures across the country and tarnished uranium's image globally.
Still,
some analysts are convinced that the uranium market is strengthening
gradually. Macquarie Group Ltd. reckons that an oversupply of almost
12,000 metric tons last year will shrink to 3,200 tons this year.
Reductions
in supply may prevent prices sinking back to their recent lows, but a
sustained recovery could be a way off, according to Macquarie's
Stefan Ljubisavljevic.
It is difficult to see anything but a surplus for the next five
years unless some unprofitable mines close, he said. The only major
facility to have been closed recently was
Paladin Energy Ltd.
PDN.AU -3.57%
's Kayelekera mine in Malawi.
The
biggest producers of the fuel, such as Rio Tinto, aren't betting on a
quick recovery but remain upbeat about uranium's longer-term outlook as
countries such as China and India bring new reactors online.
Macquarie,
which anticipates a 6% drop in output from uranium mines this year,
estimates that around half the industry could be unprofitable at current
prices.
"The industry is going through
some very tough times, but at some point, new production will have to be
incentivized to deliver into the power programs, particularly in
China," said Rio Tinto's Mr. Kenyon-Slaney.
China has stepped up efforts to introduce cleaner energy and has the world's largest pipeline of nuclear-power plants.
Australia recently struck a deal for its mining companies to sell uranium for use in India.
Japan's
nuclear watchdog this month said two reactors at the Sendai plant on
the southern island of Kyushu had met stricter guidelines imposed after
the Fukushima accident—putting them first in line among the country's 48
idled reactors to be restarted. But antinuclear sentiment after the
disaster means it is unclear when the reactors might return to service.
Meanwhile,
state governments in resource-rich Australia have been encouraging the
growth of the nation's uranium industry. A decadeslong ban on uranium
production in Queensland was lifted in July, opening the door to new
applications to build mines in the state. The government of New South
Wales this month said it would invite six companies to apply for
exploration licenses.
Still, there is
expected to be little investment in new projects until the market stages
a more substantial comeback. Cameco said it would need to see much
higher uranium prices before it started construction of its proposed
Kintyre uranium mine in Western Australia.
"The
nuclear industry is still in the midst of upheaval," said
Jonathan Hinze,
senior vice president at nuclear-research firm Ux Consulting Co.
But he said there was some hope for the industry, given decreased
willingness among traders and producers to undercut each other's prices
to win customers.
Write to Rhiannon Hoyle at rhiannon.hoyle@wsj.com
http://online.wsj.com/articles/rally-in-uranium-prices-is-unlikely-to-last-1410726782
- A pro-Russian rebel walks by a burnt-out vehicle at the destroyed airport in Luhansk, eastern Ukraine, on Sunday. A Russian convoy carrying what Moscow said was humanitarian aid entered Ukrainian territory without Kiev's permission Saturday and traveled to the rebel stronghold of Luhansk, where weeks of fighting have left residents without water and electricity.Marko Djurica/Reuters
Cameco Says Strike Notice Prompts Shutdown
Begins Shutting Down Flagship McArthur River Uranium Mine in Saskatchewan
Updated Aug. 27, 2014 1:09 p.m. ETCameco Corp. CCO.T +2.46% Wednesday said it began shutting down operations at its flagship uranium mine in Saskatchewan after getting a strike notice from the union representing workers at the operation.
Cameco said it issued a 72-hour lockout notice covering the McArthur River mine and Key Lake mill in response to the union's move. The lockout would be effective just after midnight local time Friday.
The Saskatoon, Saskatchewan-based company had previously said both parties would be in a legal strike/lockout position as of Aug. 30.
Representatives of the union, United Steelworkers Local 8914, didn't respond to a request for comment.
Analysts said a closure could boost uranium prices. McArthur River is the world's largest uranium mine and accounts for about 10% of annual uranium supply globally.
"Given the mine's importance to Cameco and to global uranium supply in general, we do not expect the work stoppage to last more than several weeks (if that), and we note that the spot market, prior to the shutdown, was in oversupply anyway," Cormark Securities Inc. said in a note.
Uranium spot prices were recently around $31 a pound, according to Cameco's website.
Cameco said the work stoppage involves about 535 unionized employees at both McArthur River and Key Lake. According to the company's website, the operations together employ about 900 Cameco staff and almost 750 long-term contract workers.
The company said it will continue to meet with the union during the 72-hour notice period.
The unionized workers have been without a collective agreement since the end of 2013. Contract talks started in November.
Cameco owns 70% of McArthur River, with Areva S.A. AREVA.FR +0.89% owning the other 30%. The two also share ownership of the Key Lake mill operation.
Cameco said it does not expect any labor disruption to affect its 2014 uranium deliveries to customers, given its ability to draw on other supply sources including inventories.
Analysts estimated the company has inventories representing about six months' worth of sales.
From 2000 to 2013, the McArthur River operations produced a total of 250.6 million pounds of uranium. Cameco's share of 2013 output was 14.1 million pounds.
Write to Judy McKinnon at judy.mckinnon@wsj.com
Analysis
West's Sanctions Against Russia Remain Relatively Porous
U.S., Europe Step Up Pressure Over Ukraine, but Restrictions Still Partial Compared to Other Embargoes
July 30, 2014 1:41 p.m. ETThe U.S. and Europe are stepping up their sanctions against Russia, but the restrictions remain partial and porous compared with other economic embargoes recently imposed by the West.
Associated Press
Bans on buying new bonds of Russian state-owned banks, or on selling some engineering technology to Russia's oil industry, are expected to hurt parts of Russia's economy. But the measures don't touch Russia's main business with the West: the sale of natural gas and oil to Europe.
That makes the sanctions regime fundamentally different from the sweeping Western embargo that has blocked Iran from selling any oil or gas to its traditional customers in the European Union.
"The EU's core business with Russia has been left untouched," said Stefan Lehne, a scholar at Carnegie Europe, a nonpartisan Brussels think tank.
Mr. Lehne said the EU is likely to adopt further sanctions against Russia, including tighter financial-sector restrictions, but that energy supplies won't be touched. "If you really restrict Russian energy exports, then you hurt the EU as much as Russia."
EU leaders including German Chancellor Angela Merkel have said the sanctions can be scaled back if Moscow becomes more cooperative in the Ukraine conflict—or scaled up if it continues to support pro-Russia rebels there.As the U.S. and the European Union step up economic sanctions against Russia over the crisis in Ukraine, WSJ's The Foreign Bureau takes a look at the Russian oligarchs who are on the list, some of those who aren't, and why.
But few in Europe can imagine a boycott of Russian gas, which flowed West continuously even at the height of Cold War enmity. Many countries across the Continent have no way of replacing Russian gas quickly or affordably.
A sanctions regime that targets secondary economic ties such as banking, specialized engineering and weapons highlights the limits of the EU's room for maneuver.
"I've always said that energy deliveries, such as oil, gas, coal and uranium, from Russian into European markets…shouldn't be put on a sanctions list," EU energy chief Günther Oettinger said in Brussels last week.
Europe's limited energy sanctions so far relate to technology that Russia needs in the longer term to exploit oil fields in inhospitable places such as the Arctic Circle.
But those restrictions will only exact a significant economic price if they are left in place for years, said Jonathan Eyal, international director of the Royal United Services Institute, a London security think tank.
Russian President Vladimir Putin "can assume that the risk for him is small: He can turn around and say 'Let's talk' when it suits him and then the sanctions will be lifted," Mr. Eyal said.
Restrictions on Russian banks' access to EU financial markets is expected to be the main source of near-term economic pain for Russia. Those sanctions too are partial: Russian banks can still borrow through syndicated loans, short-term debt and EU-based subsidiaries. EU officials say they will prevent those subsidiaries from borrowing a lot and wiring the money to their parent banks.
The threat that the financial sanctions could be stepped up—coupled with a de facto chill on Russia's financial dealings abroad as banks and investors avoid the country—are Europe's best hope of influencing the Kremlin's cost-benefit calculus in Ukraine.
EU officials are presenting their new-look sanctions as an intelligent package designed to maximize EU influence while minimizing economic harm to Europe's patchy economic recovery.
Yet in reality the EU "stumbled over" its current policy after spending months "in denial about the significance of what Putin has done in Ukraine," Mr. Eyal said.
"That doesn't mean it's bound to fail: It's possible to stumble over something that actually works," Mr. Eyal said.
Moscow's response so far isn't encouraging, however: "There is no evidence that Putin has ever been impressed by what the West is doing or has considered a retreat."
Mr. Putin didn't publicly respond to the EU and U.S. moves Wednesday. Russia's Foreign Ministry denounced the sanctions as "crazy and irresponsible" and warned that the U.S. and Europe would suffer as well.
Despite doubts about the ability of the new measures to change the Kremlin's mind, experience shows international sanctions tend to escalate as the affected country finds ways to evade them. That leads to efforts to plug loopholes and tighten them. And in this particular conflict, political and military events are intensifying rather than defusing the underlying conflict.
"The Ukrainian military is showing greater capability, so Russia has to step back or double down" in supporting the rebels, said Robert Kahn, senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations in Washington. "So far, the signs are it's likely to double down."
Sanctions can be effective when accompanied by a workable political strategy to resolve a conflict through negotiations, but sometimes the EU adopts sanctions "out of a sense that something must be done," said Mr. Lehne at Carnegie Europe.
"It's possible that this will be one of the effective cases, but it's not guaranteed," he said.
Write to Marcus Walker at marcus.walker@wsj.com and Laurence Norman at laurence.norman@wsj.com
September 22, 2014European nations are increasing electricity generation using no-carbon sources
http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=18071
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy StatisticsNote: Click to view larger map.
Penetration rates of no-carbon generation have increased from 50% to 56% in recent years in Europe, as European Union countries work toward renewable energy and greenhouse gas emissions targets. Increasing levels of renewable generation, along with nuclear generation, mean that many European countries generate a large share of their electricity from no-carbon sources.
No-carbon sources generate power while releasing virtually no carbon dioxide emissions, and include geothermal, hydroelectric, nuclear, solar (both utility scale and distributed solar), tidal, and wind generation. Although biomass power plants emit carbon dioxide during operation, the full life cycle of biomass fuels is often considered to be carbon neutral for the purposes of satisfying these countries' goals. France, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland each generated more than 90% of their net electricity from no-carbon sources in 2012, and eight other countries had no-carbon electricity accounting for at least 50% of their generation.
The share of no-carbon generation in European countries is expected to continue to increase, as the European Union's 2020 Climate and Energy Package targets both a decrease in greenhouse gas emissions and an increase in the share of energy consumption generated from renewable sources. There has already been a substantial increase in no-carbon generation since 2002, as countries have added renewables to their generation mix (see graph). Eighteen countries generate at least one-third of their generation from no carbon sources, and 13 generate at least half, up from 13 and 10, respectively, in 2002. Increased generation from solar, wind, and biomass has made up most of the change. For example, while Germany's overall no-carbon generation share rose only modestly between 2002 and 2012, from 38% to 41%, there has been a big shift within the no-carbon portfolio, with the nuclear generation share falling by 12 percentage points over this period. Germany's share of solar, wind, and biomass generation increased by 15 percentage points over the same period.
Like the United States, which generated 32% of its electricity from no-carbon sources in 2012, countries in Europe generate most of their no-carbon electricity from nuclear and hydroelectric sources, along with a smaller portfolio of other renewables. There are some exceptions, however; along with hydroelectric power, almost 30% of Iceland's total net electricity generation came from geothermal sources in 2012, while Denmark generated more than 50% of its electricity from wind and biomass.
Principal contributors: Brian Murphy, Alex Abramowitz
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Statistics
Tags: emissions, Europe, nuclear, renewable
Recent Data
See more data ›U.S. Renewables consumption
quadrillion Btu2012 2013 2014 E 2015 P Hydroelectric power 2.629 2.561 2.454 2.565 Geothermal 0.212 0.221 0.221 0.225 Solar 0.227 0.307 0.417 0.524 Wind 1.339 1.595 1.713 1.807 Wood biomass 2.010 2.138 2.165 2.158 Ethanol 1.092 1.120 1.129 1.128 Biodiesel 0.117 0.203 0.188 0.196 Waste biomass 0.467 0.476 0.480 0.499 Total 8.093 8.620 8.761 9.101 Source: Short-Term Energy Outlook Renewables and Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Updated Data Series
- 08/27/2014 Renewable energy production and consumption by source
- 08/25/2014 Net generation for conventional hydroelectric
- 08/25/2014 Net generation for other renewables
Survey Forms, Changes & Announcements
- Annual Photovoltaic Cell/Module Shipments Report ›
- See electricity and renewable (photovoltaic) form changes for 2014
Top Sources of Powerful Space Radiation Are Shockers
by Charles Q. Choi, SPACE.com Contributor | December 01, 2011 07:12am ET
This all-sky image,
constructed from two years of observations by NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray
Space Telescope, shows how the sky appears in gamma-ray light. Brighter
colors indicate brighter gamma-ray sources. A diffuse glow fills the sky
and is brightest along the plane of our galaxy (middle). Discrete
gamma-ray sources include pulsars and supernova remnants within our
galaxy as well as distant galaxies powered by supermassive black holes.
New maps of gamma-ray light streaming in from the sky reveal some surprising sources of this highest-energy form of light, including objects that were never detected before.
NASA's Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope, orbiting around Earth, scans the entire sky every three hours. It watches for not only continuous sources of this dangerous radiation but numerous sudden explosions, such as gamma-ray bursts in the distant universe and flares from the sun.
The latest maps produced by the satellite's Large Area Telescope (LAT) identified 1,873 cosmic gamma-ray sources. Although more than half of these astronomical objects are the usual suspects — active galaxies, whose supermassive central black holes spew forth radiation as they rip apart the matter falling into them — more than a third of them were never seen in any other wavelength of light, visible or otherwise.
To highlight the range of gamma-ray sources in this new census, the Fermi team created a "Top 10" list. Five of the 10 "top" gamma-ray sources are within the Milky Way. [Top 10 Strangest Things in Space]
Within our galaxy
One enigma inside the Milky Way has the cumbersome designation 2FGL J0359.5+5410. It resides in the constellation Camelopardalis, near the populous midplane of our galaxy.
"2FGL J0359.5+5410 might belong to a new class of object not detected before in the gamma-ray band," Tosti told SPACE.com.
Meanwhile, W44 is a 20,000-year-old object about 9,800 light-years away in the constellation Aquila. Researchers think W44 is the wreckage of a supernova, an exploded star. Fermi's observations of W44 strongly hint that gamma-rays are coming from where the supernova remnant's expanding shock wave interacts with cold, dense gas clouds – perhaps emerging from speedy protons colliding with gas atoms.
Fermi's LAT mapped GeV-gamma-ray emission (magenta)
from the W44 supernova remnant. The features clearly align with
filaments detectable in other wavelengths. This composite merges X-rays
(blue) from the Germany-led ROSAT mission, infrared (red) from NASA's
Spitzer Space Telescope, and radio (orange) from the NRAO's Very Large
Array near Socorro, N.M. Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration, ROSAT, JPL-Caltech, and NRAO/AUI
Crab nebula
Another supernova remnant source of gamma-rays is the famous Crab Nebula. Located 6,500 light-years away in the constellation Taurus, the nebula is left over from a supernova whose light reached Earth in 1054. At the heart of an expanding gas cloud around what is left of the original star's core is a pulsar spinning 30 times a second.
Fermi and the Italian Space Agency's AGILE satellite have detected a number of short-lived gamma-ray flares at energies hundreds of times higher than the nebula's observed X-ray variations. The researchers suggest these "superflares" are due to electrons near the pulsar, accelerated to energies a thousand trillion times greater than that of visible light — far beyond what can be achieved by the Large Hadron Collider near Geneva, Switzerland, now the most powerful particle accelerator on Earth.
In addition to supernovas and their remnants, regular novas can emit gamma-rays.
V407 Cygni is a binary star system about 9,000 light-years away in the constellation Cygnus that contains a compact white dwarf and a red giant star about 500 times the size of the sun.
This system occasionally flares with outbursts known as novas, when gas from the red giant collects onto the white dwarf's surface and eventually explodes. Gamma-rays from these novas defied expectations — scientists had not expected such explosions to have enough power to generate high-energy gamma rays.
Pulsars make up about 6 percent of Fermi's new map of gamma-ray sources. Working together with radio astronomers, the Fermi team found that pulsar PSR J0101-6422 in the southern constellation of Tucana pulses with gamma-rays nearly 400 times a second, matching up with radio data.
Beyond the Milky Way
One source close to home is the Andromeda Galaxy (M31), which at a distance of 2.5 million light-years is the nearest spiral galaxy, one of similar size and structure as our own Milky Way. The gamma-rays seen from M31 are mostly caused by high-energy cosmic rays slamming into the gas between the stars.
"It took two years of LAT observations to detect M31," said study coauthor Jürgen Knödlseder at the Research Institute for Astrophysics and Planetology in Toulouse, France. "We concluded that the Andromeda Galaxy has fewer cosmic rays than our own Milky Way, probably because M31 forms stars — including those that die as supernovae, which help produce cosmic rays — more slowly than our galaxy."
Active galaxies called blazars constitute the
single largest source class in the second Fermi LAT catalog, but nearly a
third of the sources are unassociated with objects at any other
wavelength. Their natures are unknown. Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center
The cores of active galaxies spray out jets of particles at near-light speed, and such galaxies are called blazars when these jets point our way. PKS 0537-286is a variable blazar, whose jet can vary in brightness over time by more than a hundredfold. This object is so far away, we are viewing it as it was when the universe was just 2 billion years old. "The general picture is that the variability is due to the formation of perturbations or instabilities in the jet," Tosti explained.
The center of the Cigar Galaxy (M82) is bright for another reason. Located 12 million light-years away in the constellation Ursa Major, this is a so-called starburst galaxy, whose core forms 10 times more young stars than the Milky Way does. This hyperactivity guarantees a high rate of supernovas, as most of the short-lived stars come to explosive ends bright in gamma-rays.
Beyond the core
Gamma-rays are not just limited to galactic cores, as can be seen with the giant elliptical galaxy Centaurus A, also known as NGC 5128, which is located 12 million light-years away in the southern constellation Centaurus. The galaxy is bright with radio waves, emitted from million-light-year-wide lobes of gas hurled out by the supermassive black hole at the galaxy's center. Fermi detected high-energy gamma rays from these lobes as well. The radio emissions come from fast-moving particles, which can slam into photons and boost them into gamma-ray levels, researchers said.
One mystery object is 2FGL J1305.0+1152, located in the constellation Virgo and high above our galaxy's midplane. Its gamma-ray spectrum — the relative amounts of different energies of gamma-rays — resembles neither a pulsar nor a blazar.
Tosti did note this enigma is located in a region where gamma-ray sources are mostly active galactic nuclei, the bright centers of galaxies with hungry supermassive black holes. "Its probability to be an active galactic nucleus might be high, but not 100 percent," he said. Only with the discovery of a counterpart of this source at other wavelengths will we be able to disclose its mystery, he added.
"I would say that the work is just starting," Tosti said. "We were able to detect the sources — now we have to understand better the physical mechanisms that are responsible of their emissions."
Gamma-ray sources aren't the only mysteries that Fermi stands to unravel. Its observations are providing astrophysicists with hope of solving the old puzzle of the origin of cosmic rays.
"Fermi and other multi-wavelength studies are providing growing evidence that supernova remnants are the source of the bulk of galactic cosmic rays," Tosti said.
"However, the sample of supernova remnants observed by Fermi is still too small to declare the problem solved. I feel that this longstanding mystery will be solved soon — it would be nice if this could happen next year, when there will be the celebration of the centenary of the discovery of cosmic rays by Hess in 1912."
Tosti and his colleagues detailed their findings Sept. 9 at a meeting of the American Astronomical Society's High Energy Astrophysics Division in Newport, R.I.
Follow SPACE.com for the latest in space science and exploration news on Twitter @Spacedotcom and on Facebook.
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